A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1
The Rosetta Project, Blagar Swadesh List
Stokhof (1975)
Danish
Etymology 1
From Old Danishat, from Old Norseat, from Proto-Germanic*at.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [að], [a]
Homophone: af
Preposition
ad
by
at
Descendants
Norwegian Bokmål: ad
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈaðˀ]
Interjection
ad
ew, bleah
Synonyms
adr
bvadr
føj
uf
Hungarian
Alternative forms
ád(archaic)
Etymology
From Proto-Uralic*ëmta- or Proto-Finno-Ugric*amta-. Cognates include Finnishantaa and Estonianandma.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈɒd]
Rhymes: -ɒd
Verb
ad
(transitive) to give (to someone -nak/-nek)
Synonyms:átad, odaad, ajándékoz, nyújt, átnyújt
(transitive) to throw, organize, hold, give (a party/celebration/dinner, especially in honour of someone)
Synonyms:rendez, szervez, tart, csap
1854, Mór Jókai, Egy magyar nábob,[1] chapter 19; translated by R. Nisbet Bain (chapter 11):[2]
Könnyű a férjnek azt mondani, én holnap vagy egy hónap múlva nagy ünnepélyt adok, hivatalos lesz rá az egész környék, akiket ismerek és olyanok is, akiket sohasem láttam. A többi az asszony gondja.
It is easy enough for us men-folk to say, “I will give a great dinner-party to-morrow, or a month hence; and I will invite the whole country-side to it. I will invite not only those I know, but those I have never seen;” but it is our women-folk who have to take thought for it.
Conjugation
Derived terms
(With verbal prefixes):
References
Further reading
(to give): ad in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
(for [prefix of numbered issues; formal]): ad in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
ad in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2021)
Ido
Alternative forms
(apocopic form)a
Etymology
Borrowing from Frenchà, Italianad, Spanisha, all ultimately from Latinad, from Proto-Indo-European*ád(“near, at”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ad/
Preposition
ad
to (movement, tendency or position)
Antonyms:de, ek
dative: indirect object
to (object of action, thought, desire)
to (comparison or relation)
proportion; total
Derived terms
ad-
al
Related terms
ed(“and”)
od(“or”)
See also
vers
til
Irish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /əd̪ˠ/
Etymology 1
Alternative forms
dod, dod’, dot
Contraction
ad (triggers lenition)
(colloquial, dialectal)Contraction of do do(“to/for your sg”).
Etymology 2
Alternative forms
id, it
Contraction
ad (triggers lenition)
(colloquial, dialectal)Contraction of i do(“in your sg”).
Italian
Etymology
From Latinad.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ad/
Preposition
ad
to, at, in (used before a vowel for euphony instead of a)
Anagrams
da, da', dà
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic*ad, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂éd(“near, at”). Cognates include Englishat.
Pronunciation
(Classical) IPA(key): /ad/, [äd̪]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ad/, [ɑd̪]
Preposition
ad (+ accusative)
(direction) toward, to
up to (indicating direction upwards)
near, by, close by, at, to (indicating location)
against, on, upon (indicating position)
at, about, around, on, in (indicating a point in time)
until, to, up to, till (indicating the extent of time)
for, to, toward (indicating purpose or aim)
in order to, to, for (indicating means)
in comparison with, in comparison to, in relation to
according to (indicating conformity)
in consequence of
against, at (indicating movement 'toward' but in a hostile manner)
among, amongst (indicating the sharing of a characteristic)
Usage notes
The word ad is an antithesis to ab (just as in is to ex; in a progressive order of relation, ad denotes, first, the direction toward an object; then the reaching of or attaining to it; and finally, the being at or near it.)
Often used of geographical position of a place in reference to the points of compass, with the verbs iaceō(“lie, be situated”), vergō(“incline, slope”), spectō(“observe, see”) etc.:
Asia iacet ad meridiem et austrum, Europa ad septentriones et aquilonem.
Asia lies near the prime meridian and the south, Europe near the northern regions and northern wind. (There are two words for north.)
Ad Atticam vergente.
Inclining to Attic.
When appended to the beginning of a word, ad often becomes ap- when followed by ‘p’, as in appretiō, from pretium. But note that adpretiō is also found.
Derived terms
Descendants
Eastern Romance:
Romanian: a
Franco-Provençal: a
Gallo-Italic:
Ligurian: a
Italo-Dalmatian:
Corsican: à
Dalmatian: a
Italian: a, ad
Norwegian Bokmål: a
Sicilian: a
Old Occitan: [Term?]
Occitan: a
Catalan: a
Old French: a
Middle French: [Term?]
French: à
→ Norwegian Bokmål: à, a
Rhaeto-Romance:
Friulian: a
West Iberian:
Extremaduran: a
Mozarabic: ad, a
Navarro-Aragonese: [Term?]
Aragonese: a
Old Leonese: [Term?]
Asturian: a
Leonese: a
Mirandese: a
Old Portuguese: a
Fala: a
Galician: a
Portuguese: a
Indo-Portuguese: a
Old Spanish: [Term?]
Spanish: a
→ English: ad
References
ad in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ad in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
ad in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
Manx
Pronoun
ad
third person plural pronoun; they, them
Meriam
Noun
ad
story
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic*aidaz.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɑːd/
Noun
ādm
fire, funeral pyre
Declension
Descendants
Middle English: ād
Old French
Etymology 1
From Latinad.
Preposition
ad
Alternative form of a(to; towards)
Etymology 2
From Latinhabet.
Verb
ad
Alternative form of a; third-person singular present indicative of avoir
Pumpokol
Etymology
From Proto-Yeniseian*ʔaʒ(“I”). Compare Assan and Arinaj and Kottai.