(unstressed or, for some speakers, stressed)Homophone: end
(unstressed)Homophone: an
Etymology 1
From Middle Englishand, an, from Old Englishand, ond, end, from Proto-West Germanic*andi, from Proto-Germanic*andi, *anþi, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂énti(“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Cognate with Scotsan(“and”), North Frisianen(“and”), West Frisianen, in(“and”), Low Germanun(“and”), Dutchen(“and”), Germanund(“and”), Danishend(“but”), Swedishän(“yet, but”), Icelandic and Norwegianenn(“still, yet”), Albanianedhe(“and”) (dialectal ênde, ênne), ende(“still, yet, therefore”), Latin ante(“opposite, in front of”), and Ancient Greek ἀντί(antí, “opposite, facing”).
Alternative forms
an'
'n' (n)
Conjunction
and
As a coordinating conjunction; expressing two elements to be taken together or in addition to each other.
Used simply to connect two noun phrases, adjectives or adverbs. [from 8th c.]
c. 1430 (reprinted 1888), Thomas Austin, ed., Two Fifteenth-century Cookery-books. Harleian ms. 279 (ab. 1430), & Harl. ms. 4016 (ab. 1450), with Extracts from Ashmole ms. 1429, Laud ms. 553, & Douce ms. 55 [Early English Text Society, Original Series; 91], London: N. Trübner & Co. for the Early English Text Society, volume I, OCLC 374760, page 11:
Soupes dorye. — Take gode almaunde mylke […] caste þher-to Safroun an Salt […]
Simply connecting two clauses or sentences. [from 8th c.]
Introducing a clause or sentence which follows on in time or consequence from the first. [from 9th c.]
2007: Jimmy Carr, 8 out of 10 Cats, 13th day of July episode
Romance is dead; men killed it, and made women clean up the mess.
(obsolete) Yet; but. [10th–17th c.]
Used to connect certain numbers: connecting units when they precede tens (not dated); connecting tens and units to hundreds, thousands etc. (now often omitted in US); to connect fractions to wholes. [from 10th c.]
1956, Dodie Smith, (title):
The One Hundred and One Dalmatians.
(now colloquial or literary) Used to connect more than two elements together in a chain, sometimes to stress the number of elements.
1939, Langley, Ryerson & Woolf, The Wizard of Oz (screenplay):
Lions, and tigers, and bears! Oh, my!
Connecting two identical elements, with implications of continued or infinite repetition. [from 10th c.]
Introducing a parenthetical or explanatory clause. [from 10th c.]
Introducing the continuation of narration from a previous understood point; also used alone as a question: ‘and so what?’.
(now dialectal or somewhat colloquial) Used to connect two verbs where the second is dependent on the first: ‘to’. Used especially after come, go and try. [from 14th c.]
Introducing a qualitative difference between things having the same name; "as well as other". [from 16th c.]
Used to combine numbers in addition; plus (with singular or plural verb). [from 17th c.]
(heading)Expressing a condition.
(now US dialect) If; provided that. [from 13th c.]
(obsolete) As if, as though. [15th–17th c.]
(mathematics, logic) Connecting two well-formed formulas to create a new well-formed formula that requires it to only be true when both of the two formulas are true.
Usage notes
Synonyms
(used to connect two similar words or phrases):as well as, together with, in addition to
(informal):&, 'n', +
(in artist collaborations):x
Derived terms
Antigua and Barbuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, French Southern and Antarctic Lands, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, São Tomé and Príncipe, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Wallis and Futuna
Related terms
equal to
false
if
iff
implies
nand
nor
not
or
true
xor
Translations
See also
formal logic
Noun
and (pluralands)
(music, often informal) In rhythm, the second half of a divided beat.
Etymology 2
From Middle Englishande, from Old Englishanda(“grudge, enmity, malice, envy, hatred, anger, zeal, annoyance, vexation; zeal; injury, mischief; fear, horror”) and Old Norseandi(“breath, wind, spirit”); both from Proto-Germanic*anadô(“breath, anger, zeal”), from Proto-Indo-European*h₂enh₁-(“to breathe, blow”).
Cognate with GermanAhnd, And(“woe, grief”), Danishånde(“breath”), Swedishanda, ande(“spirit, breath, wind, ingenuity, intellect”), Icelandicandi(“spirit”), Albanianëndë(“pleasure, delight”), Latinanimus(“spirit, soul”). Related to onde.
Alternative forms
aynd, eind, eynd, yane, end
Noun
and (pluralands)
(UK dialectal) Breath.
(UK dialectal) Sea smoke; steam fog.
Etymology 3
From Middle Englishanden, from Old Englishandian(“to be envious or jealous, envy”) and Old Norseanda(“to breathe”); both from Proto-Germanic*anadōną(“to breathe, sputter”). Cognate with Germanahnden(“to avenge, punish”), Danishånde(“to breathe”), Swedishandas(“to breathe”), Icelandicanda(“to breathe”). See above.
Alternative forms
eind, eynd, ein
Verb
and (third-person singular simple presentands, present participleanding, simple past and past participleanded)
(UK dialectal, intransitive) To breathe; whisper; devise; imagine.
Anagrams
-dan, ADN, DAN, DNA, Dan, Dan., NAD, NDA, dan, dna, nad
Azerbaijani
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic*ānt(“oath”). Cognate with Old Turkic𐰦(nt), Turkishant.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ɑnd]
Noun
and (definite accusativeandı, pluralandlar)
oath
Synonym:əhd
Declension
Derived terms
and içmək(“to take an oath”)
References
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norseǫnd, from Proto-Germanic*anadz, cognate with GermanEnte, Dutcheend. The Germanic noun derives from Proto-Indo-European*h₂énh₂ts(“duck”), which is also the source of Latinanas, Ancient Greekνῆττα(nêtta), Lithuanianántis, Sanskritआति(ātí).
From Proto-Germanic*anda, *andi, probably from Proto-Indo-European*h₂énti(“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old Frisianand, Old Saxonendi, Old High Germanunti, Old Norseenn.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɔnd/
Conjunction
and
and
Synonyms
⁊(symbol)
Descendants
Middle English: and, annd, ant, an, en; ⁊, &
English: and
Scots: an
Yola: an, an', and
Adverb
and
even; also
Old Frisian
Alternative forms
ande, ende
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic*andi, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂énti(“facing opposite, near, in front of, before”). Compare Old Englishand, Old Saxonendi, Old High Germanunti, Old Norseenn.
Conjunction
and
and
Descendants
North Frisian: en
Saterland Frisian: un
West Frisian: en, in
Old Irish
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic*andom, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁n̥dó. The adverbial sense of this term is the original one, and it has an etymology independent of i.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /an͈d/
Pronoun
and
third-person singular masculine/neuter dative of hi: in him, in it
c.800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 31b23
Adverb
and
there
c.850-875, Turin Glosses and Scholia on St Mark, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 484–94, Tur. 110c
then, in that case
c.800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4a27
Descendants
Middle Irish: ann
Irish: ann
Manx: ayn
Scottish Gaelic: ann
Scots
Conjunction
and
Alternative form of an
Usage notes
While and is relatively often written due to English influence, it is seldom pronounced as such, making way for an.
References
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norseǫnd, from Proto-Germanic*anadz, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂énh₂t-(“duck”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /and/
Noun
andc
a wild duck
Declension
Related terms
See also
anka(domesticated duck)
References
and in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
Anagrams
-nad, Dan, dan
Turkish
Noun
and
Archaic form of ant(“oath”).
Yola
Conjunction
and
Alternative form of an(“and”)
References
Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 49
Zealandic
Etymology
From Middle Dutchhant, from Old Dutchhant, from Proto-West Germanic*handu.