From Middle Englishben, bene, from Old Englishbēn(“prayer, request, favor, compulsory service”), from Proto-Germanic*bōniz(“supplication”), from Proto-Indo-European*bʰeh₂-(“to say”). Related to ban. More at boon.
Alternative forms
bene
Noun
ben (pluralbens)
(obsolete) A prayer; a petition.
Etymology 2
From Middle Englishben, bene, variation of bin, binne(“within”), from Old Englishbinnan(“within, in, inside of, into”), equivalent to be- + in.
Preposition
ben
(Scotland, Northern England) In, into.
Adverb
ben (not comparable)
(Scotland, Northern England) Inside.
Adjective
ben (comparativebenner, superlativebenmost)
Inner, interior.
Derived terms
ben-end, ben-room
Noun
ben (pluralbens)
(Scotland, Northern England) Ben-room: The inner room of a two-room hut or shack (as opposed to the but).
Derived terms
but and ben
References
The Dictionary of the Scots Language
Etymology 3
From Middle Englishbeen, from Old French and Medieval Latin, probably from a North African pronunciation of Arabicبَان(bān, “ben tree”).
Noun
ben (pluralbens)
A tree, Moringa oleifera or horseradish tree of Arabia and India, which produces oil of ben.
The winged seed of the ben tree.
The oil of the ben seed.
Synonyms
(tree):drumstick tree, horseradish tree, moringa
Derived terms
ben-nut
ben oil
Translations
Etymology 4
From Arabicبِن(bin) and Hebrewבן(ben, “son”).
Alternative forms
Ben
bin(Arabic)
Noun
ben (uncountable)
(usually capitalised) Son of (used with Hebrew and Arabic surnames).
Derived terms
Translations
Etymology 5
Borrowed from Scotsben, benn, from Scottish Gaelicbeinn.
Noun
ben (pluralbens)
A Scottish or Irish mountain or high peak.
Derived terms
Ben Lomond
Ben More
Ben Nevis
Ben Venue
Etymology 6
UK C16. Probably from Latinbene or Italianbene.
Adjective
ben (comparativebenar, superlativebenat)
(obsolete, UK, thieves' cant)Alternative spelling of bene; good.
Derived terms
Etymology 7
Shortening.
Noun
ben (pluralbens)
(UK, theater, slang, obsolete) A benefit (performance to raise funds).
year?, The Catholic Literary Circular (page 75)
In the Chronicles of the Stage, some curious particulars are given relating to Sir Henry Herbert and the well-known Sir William Davidson, by which we learn, amongst other things, that a “ben” or benefit at Drury Lane, two centuries ago, was worth a hundred pounds.
References
John Camden Hotten (1873) The Slang Dictionary
See also
ben-joltram
ben-shie
Anagrams
EbN, NEB, NbE, Neb., neb
Amele
Adjective
ben
big
Noun
ben
a big thing
References
Pavol Štekauer, Salvador Valera, Lívia Kőrtvélyessy, Word-Formation in the World's Languages: A Typological Survey (2012)
Porteu un vestit ben bonic. ― Wear a very pretty dress.
Demà al matí ben d'hora m'aixeco i viatjo a Milan. ― Tomorrow morning quite early I'll get up and travel to Milan.
Usage notes
The form ben is used when it precedes the adjective, adverb or verb form that it modifies, and bé is used in all other cases.
Cimbrian
Alternative forms
bénne(Sette Comuni)
Etymology
From Middle High Germanwenne, wanne, from Old High Germanhwenne, hwanne, from Proto-West Germanic*hwannā, from *hwan, from Proto-Germanic*hwan(“when”). Cognate with Germanwenn, wann, Englishwhen. Doublet of benn(adverb), from the same Middle High German source.
Conjunction
ben
(Luserna) when
Khåntamar khön ben 'z tüata offe di pinakotèk? ― Can you tell me when the art gallery opens?
References
“ben” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Corsican
Etymology
From bè(“well”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈbɛn/
Noun
benm
deceased
Adverb
ben
Alternative form of bè
References
https://infcor.adecec.net/
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norsebein(“bone, leg”), from Proto-Germanic*bainą, cognate with Englishbone, GermanBein.
leg(a limb of a human or an animal used for walking; also, by analogy, the legs of a desk or a chair)
Synonym:pusselanke(childish; joking)
bone(any part of the skeleton)
sinecure(a position that requires little to no work but still gives an ample payment; a cushy job.)
Declension
References
“ben” in Den Danske Ordbog
Domari
Etymology
From Sauraseni Prakrit𑀩𑀳𑀺𑀡𑀻(bahiṇī), from Sanskritभगिनी(bhaginī). Cognate with Hindiबहन(bahan).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ben̪/, /bɛn̪/
Noun
benf
sister
References
Matras, Yaron (2012) A Grammar of Domari (Mouton Grammar Library)[3], Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 65
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutchbim, from Proto-Germanic*beuną.
Pronunciation
Rhymes: -ɛn
IPA(key): /bɛn/
Verb
ben
first-person singular present indicative of zijn
(dialectal)imperative of zijn
Usage notes
Ben, as an imperative, is considered non-standard, the standard form being wees.
Synonyms
(imperative)wees
Descendants
Skepi Creole Dutch: ben
References
Taaladvies.net on ‘wees’ or ‘ben’
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norseben, from Proto-Germanic*banjō.
Noun
benn (genitive singularbens, pluralben)
wound
Declension
Noun
benf (genitive singularbenjar, pluralbenjar)
wound
Declension
Derived terms
benjardøgg
benjarkolvur
French
Etymology 1
Alternative form of bien
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bɛ̃/
Rhymes: -ɛ̃
Interjection
ben
(informal) Well; uh
Derived terms
ben voyons
Etymology 2
Clipping of bénard.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bɛn/
Noun
benm (pluralbens)
(slang) pants, trousers
Further reading
“ben”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian
Etymology
From Latinbene.
Adverb
ben
well
properly, nicely
Antonyms
mâl
Noun
ben
good
Related terms
bon
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portugueseben, from Latinbene.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈbɛŋ/
Noun
benm (pluralbens)
benefit; welfare
Synonym:beneficio
(in the plural) goods
good (the forces that are the enemy of evil)
Antonym:mal
Related terms
bo
Adverb
ben
well
Antonym:mal
Ben feito! ― Well done!
very; a lot; enough
Eche un rapaz ben espilido! ― He's a very smart young man!
(followed by de or a contraction of de) a lot (of)
Bótalle ben de zucre, sen medo! ― Add a lot of sugar, don't be shy!
plus, or more, upwards
Related terms
bo
References
“ben” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
“ben” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
“ben” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Interlingua
Etymology
Borrowed from Italianbene, Frenchbien, Spanishbien and Portuguesebem.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ben/
Adverb
ben (comparativemelio, superlativele melio)
well
Derived terms
ben que
Istriot
Etymology
From Latinbene.
Adverb
ben
well
Italian
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈbɛn/
Hyphenation: bèn
Adverb
ben (apocopated)
Apocopic form of bene
ben fatto ― well done
Derived terms
ben altro
Japanese
Romanization
ben
Rōmaji transcription of べん
Kabuverdianu
Etymology
From Portuguesevir and Spanishvenir .
Verb
ben
to come
Ladin
Etymology
From Latinbene.
Adverb
ben (comparativemiec)
well
properly
Noun
benm (pluralbens)
(especially in the plural) goods, property
Lombard
Etymology
Akin to Italianbene, from Latin.
Adverb
ben
well
Mandarin
Romanization
ben
Nonstandard spelling of bēn.
Nonstandard spelling of běn.
Nonstandard spelling of bèn.
Usage notes
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Manx
Etymology
From Old Irishben, from Proto-Celtic*benā, from Proto-Indo-European*gʷḗn.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bɛᵈn/
Noun
benf (genitive singularmreih, pluralmraane)
woman
Mutation
References
G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ben”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Middle English
Verb
ben
Alternative form of been
References
“bēn” listed in the Middle English Dictionary [2001]
Northern Kurdish
Pronunciation
Rhymes: -ɛn
Noun
ben?
string, rope
Derived terms
benik
benk
Related terms
bend
benî
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Danishben, from Old Norsebein, from Proto-Germanic*bainą.
From Proto-Germanic*bōniz. Cognate with Old Norsebón.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /beːn/
Noun
bēnf (nominative pluralbēneorbēna)
prayer, praying
request, entreaty
boon
late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Basilius, Bishop"
Declension
Descendants
Middle English: ben, bene
English: ben, bene
⇒ English: bee
⇒ Scots: been-hook, been-plough
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic*banjō. Cognate with Old Norseben.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ben/
Noun
benf
Alternative form of benn
Old French
Adverb
ben
(Anglo-Norman)Alternative form of bien
Old Frisian
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic*bain, from Proto-Germanic*bainą. Cognates include Old Englishbān, Old Saxonbēn and Old Dutchbēn.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈbeːn/, [ˈbɛːn]
Noun
bēnn
bone
leg
Descendants
North Frisian:
Föhr-Amrum: bian
Goesharde: biin
Halligen: bian
Heligoland: Bean
Mooring: biinj
Sylt: Biin
Wiedingharde: biin
Saterland Frisian: Been
West Frisian: bien
References
Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN
Old Irish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bʲen/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic*benā, from Proto-Indo-European*gʷḗn.
Noun
benf (genitivemná, nominative pluralmná)
woman
Synonyms:banscál, bé, frac
c.800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 31c7
wife
Synonym:séitig
c.800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 22c10
Inflection
Derived terms
ban-
Descendants
Middle Irish: ben
Irish: bean
Manx: ben
Scottish Gaelic: bean
⇒ Middle Irish: benagán
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
·ben
third-person singular present indicative conjunct of benaid
Verb
ben
second-person singular imperative of benaid
Mutation
Further reading
G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 ben”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 291, page 184
Old Norse
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic*banjō.
Noun
benf (genitivebenjar, pluralbenjar)
mortal wound
small bleeding wound
benn
wound
Declension
Related terms
banim(“bane”)
benja(“to wound mortally”)
References
“ben”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Old Occitan
Etymology
From Latinbene.
Adjective
ben
well
Descendants
Occitan: ben
References
Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “bene”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 1: A–B, page 322
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic*bain.
Noun
bēnn
bone
Descendants
Middle Low German: bên
Low German: Been, Bein
Plautdietsch: Been
Old Swedish
Alternative forms
ᛒᚽᚿ(Runic)
Etymology
From Old Norsebein, from Proto-Germanic*bainą.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /beːn/
Noun
bēnn
bone
leg
Declension
Descendants
Swedish: ben
Scots
Etymology 1
From Old Englishbinnan.
Noun
ben (pluralbens)
The inner room of a two-room hut or shack (as opposed to the but).
Adjective
ben (comparativebenner, superlativebenmaist)
Inner, interior.
Preposition
ben
Through, in, into, inside (a dwelling).
A gaed ben the chaumer.
Come awah ben, hen.
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Scottish Gaelicbeinn.
Noun
ben (pluralbens)
mountain, hill
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Borrowed from Ottoman Turkishبك(beñ).
Noun
benm (Cyrillic spellingбен)
(regional) birthmark, mole, naevus
Synonym:madež
Further reading
“ben” in Hrvatski jezični portal
“ben” in Hrvatski jezični portal
“ben” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Sranan Tongo
Etymology
From Englishbeen.
Particle
ben
Verbal marker for the past tense.
Usage notes
This marker can be combined with the markers sa or o for the future tense and e for the progressive aspect, in which case the order, if all are used, is that of ben sa/o e. Some examples:
mi ben waka: “I had walked”.
mi ben e waka: “I was walking”.
mi ben sa waka: “I would walk”.
mi ben sa e waka: “I would have been walking”.
Derived terms
bo
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedishbēn, from Old Norsebein, from Proto-Germanic*bainą.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈbeːn/
Noun
benn
(anatomy) leg; a body part
leg; part of trousers which covers the legs
the part of a piece furniture on which it stands
(anatomy) bone; any of the components of an endoskeleton
(anatomy) bone; the material of the endoskeleton
Declension
Related terms
References
ben in Svensk ordbok (SO)
ben in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
ben in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Turkish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bɛn/, /bæn/
Hyphenation: ben
Etymology 1
From Ottoman Turkishبن(ben, “I”), from Proto-Turkic*ben(“I”).
Cognate with Old Turkic𐰢𐰤(mn²/men/), 𐰋𐰤(b²n²/ben/, “I”), Karakhanidمَنْ(men, “I”), Azerbaijanimən, Bashkirмин(min), Chuvashэпӗ(ep̬ĕ), Kazakhмен(men), Kyrgyzмен(men), Turkmenmen.
Possibly related to Mongolianби(bi, “I”), Manchuᠪᡳ(bi, “I”) (however, the Altaic family theory is now only supported by a minority of scholars).
Pronoun
ben
I, me
Usage notes
It is one of the two words that has irregular dative case declension. (The other one is "sen").
It is one of the two words that has irregular genitive case declension. (The other one is "biz").
Declension
See also
Noun
ben (definite accusativebeni, pluralbiz)
(psychology) ego
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Ottoman Turkishبك(beñ, “mole”), from Proto-Turkic*beŋ(“mole on the face”).
Cognate with Bashkirмиң(miñ), Kyrgyzмең(meŋ), Kazakhмең(meñ)Turkmenmeň, Yakutмэҥ(meñ).
Also compare Mongolianмэнгэ(menge, “mole, birthmark”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Noun
ben (definite accusativebeni, pluralbenler)
birthmark, mole
Declension
Derived terms
benli
bensiz
Related terms
benek
See also
leke
yama
References
Venetian
Etymology
From Latinbene.
Adverb
ben
well
Derived terms
benon
Related terms
bon
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
(Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔɓɛn˧˧]
(Huế) IPA(key): [ʔɓɛŋ˧˧]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɓɛŋ˧˧]
Etymology 1
From Frenchbenne.
Noun
ben
a cabin
See also
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
ben
(Southern Vietnam) to be comparable
Synonym:bì
Ai thong thả, trâu nào ben được ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
Volapük
Etymology
Borrowed from Latinbene.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ben]
Noun
ben (nominative pluralbens)
(sense of) well-being, welfare, being well, wellness
Declension
Derived terms
Related terms
Welsh
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bɛn/
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈbɛn/
Etymology 1
From Middle Welshbenn, from Proto-Celtic*bend(n)ā (whence Latin benna), from Proto-Indo-European*bʰendʰ-(“to bind”).