Definitions and meaning of bone
bone
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /bəʊn/
- (General American) enPR: bōn, IPA(key): /boʊn/
-
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /bəʉn/
-
- (New Zealand) IPA(key): /bɐʉn/
- Rhymes: -əʊn
Etymology 1
From Middle English bon, from Old English bān (“bone, tusk; the bone of a limb”), from Proto-Germanic *bainą (“bone”), from *bainaz (“straight”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to hit, strike, beat”).
Cognate with Scots bane, been, bean, bein, bain (“bone”), North Frisian bien (“bone”), West Frisian bien (“bone”), Dutch been (“bone; leg”), German Low German Been, Bein (“bone”), German Bein (“leg”), German Gebein (“bones”), Swedish ben (“bone; leg”), Norwegian and Icelandic bein (“bone”), Breton benañ (“to cut, hew”), Latin perfinēs (“break through, break into pieces, shatter”), Avestan 𐬠𐬫𐬈𐬥𐬙𐬈 (byente, “they fight, hit”). Related also to Old Norse beinn (“straight, right, favourable, advantageous, convenient, friendly, fair, keen”) (whence Middle English bain, bayne, bayn, beyn (“direct, prompt”), Scots bein, bien (“in good condition, pleasant, well-to-do, cosy, well-stocked, pleasant, keen”)), Icelandic beinn (“straight, direct, hospitable”), Norwegian bein (“straight, direct, easy to deal with”). See bain, bein.
Alternative forms
Noun
bone (countable and uncountable, plural bones)
- (uncountable) A composite material consisting largely of calcium phosphate and collagen and making up the skeleton of most vertebrates.
- (countable) Any of the components of an endoskeleton, made of this material.
- A bone of a fish; a fishbone.
- A bonefish.
- One of the rigid parts of a corset that forms its frame, the boning, originally made of whalebone.
- One of the fragments of bone held between the fingers of the hand and rattled together to keep time to music.
- Anything made of bone, such as a bobbin for weaving bone lace.
- (figurative) The framework of anything.
- An off-white colour, like the typical colour of bone.
- (US, informal, in the plural) A dollar.
- (American football, informal) The wishbone formation.
- (slang) An erect penis; a boner.
- (slang, chiefly in the plural) A domino or die.
- (slang) A cannabis cigarette; a joint.
- (figurative) A reward.
Synonyms
- os (medicine)
- (rigid parts of a corset): rib, stay
- (reward): doggy treat
Hypernyms
Hyponyms
Derived terms
Translations
Adjective
bone (not comparable)
- Of an off-white colour, like the colour of bone.
Translations
Verb
bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)
- To prepare (meat, etc) by removing the bone or bones from.
- Synonyms: debone, unbone
- Coordinate terms: gut, skin
- To fertilize with bone.
- To put whalebone into.
- (civil engineering) To make level, using a particular procedure; to survey a level line.
- (vulgar, slang, usually of a man, ambitransitive) To have sexual intercourse (with).
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:copulate, Thesaurus:copulate with
- Related terms: boned, boner
- (Australia, dated, in Aboriginal culture) To perform “bone pointing”, a ritual that is intended to bring illness or even death to the victim.
- (usually with "up") To study.
- To polish boots to a shiny finish.
- To nag, especially for an unpaid debt.
Derived terms
Translations
Adverb
bone (not comparable)
- Used before an adjective as an intensifier
See also
Further reading
- Wikipedia list of bones in the human skeleton
Etymology 2
Unknown; probably related in some way to Etymology 1, above.
Verb
bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)
- (transitive, slang) To apprehend, steal.
Etymology 3
Borrowed from French bornoyer (“to look at with one eye, to sight”), from borgne (“one-eyed”).
Verb
bone (third-person singular simple present bones, present participle boning, simple past and past participle boned)
- (carpentry, masonry, surveying) To sight along an object or set of objects to check whether they are level or in line.
Etymology 4
Clipping of trombone
Noun
bone (plural bones)
- (slang) Clipping of trombone.
References
Anagrams
Afrikaans
Noun
bone
- plural of boon
Danish
Etymology 1
From Low German and Middle Low German bōnen, from Old Saxon *bōnian, from Proto-West Germanic *bōnijan (“to polish”).
Pronunciation
Verb
bone (imperative bon, infinitive at bone, present tense boner, past tense bonede, perfect tense har bonet)
- to polish
Etymology 2
Derived from the noun bon (“receipt”), from French bon (“voucher, ticket”).
Pronunciation
Verb
bone (imperative bon, infinitive at bone, present tense boner, past tense bonede, perfect tense har bonet)
- to enter (in the cash register)
- to charge
Esperanto
Etymology
From bona (“good”) + -e.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbone/
- Rhymes: -one
- Hyphenation: bo‧ne
Adverb
bone
- well
Interjection
bone
- good, OK, all right, very well
- Synonyms: en ordo, enorde, okej
Hadza
Alternative forms
Etymology
Borrowed from Sukuma βũne (“four (class XIV)”).
Pronunciation
Adjective
bone m (masc. plural bunibii, fem. boneko, fem. plural bonebee)
- four
Ido
Etymology
From Esperanto bone (“well”), bona (“good”) + -e.
Pronunciation
Adverb
bone
- well
- 2008, Margrit Kennedy, Pekunio sen interesti ed inflaciono, tr. by Alfred Neussner of Interest and Inflation Free Money, page 50:
Related terms
Italian
Adjective
bone
- feminine plural of bono
Latin
Adjective
bone
- vocative masculine singular of bonus
References
- “bone”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- bone in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “bone”, in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976), The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
Lindu
Noun
bone
- sand
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *bōna, from Proto-West Germanic *baunu.
Noun
bône f
- bean
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Dutch: boon
- Afrikaans: boon
- → Xhosa: imbotyi (from the diminutive)
- Berbice Creole Dutch: bono
- Negerhollands: bontśi, boontje, boonschi (from the diminutive)
- → Virgin Islands Creole: bontsi (archaic)
- → Caribbean Javanese: bontyis (from the diminutive plural)
- → Indonesian: buncis (from the diminutive plural)
- → Petjo: bontjies, boontjies
- → Javanese: buncis (from the diminutive plural)
- → Papiamentu: bonchi, boontsje (from the diminutive)
- → Sranan Tongo: bonki (from the diminutive)
- → Caribbean Hindustani: bongki
- Limburgish: boean
Further reading
- “bone”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “bone”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
Etymology 1
Noun
bone
- (West Midlands) alternative form of bane
Etymology 2
Noun
bone
- alternative form of bon
Etymology 3
Noun
bone
- alternative form of boon
Etymology 4
Adjective
bone
- alternative form of boon
Etymology 5
Adjective
bone
- alternative form of boun
Middle High German
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old High German bōna, from Proto-West Germanic *baunu, from Proto-Germanic *baunō.
Pronunciation
-
- IPA(key): (before 13th CE) /ˈboːnə/
Noun
bōne f
- bean
Declension
Related terms
Descendants
- Alemannic German: Bone
- Central Franconian: Bunn
- Hunsrik: Bohn
- Luxembourgish: Boun
- East Central German: Bunn
- German: Bohne
- Rhine Franconian: Bohn
- Frankfurterisch: [b̥õːn]
- Pennsylvania German: Bohn, Buhn
References
- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “BÔNE”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
- "bōne" in Köbler, Gerhard, Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014)
Neapolitan
Adjective
bone f pl
- feminine plural of buono
Northern Sami
Pronunciation
- (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈpone/
Verb
bone
- inflection of botnit:
- present indicative connegative
- second-person singular imperative
- imperative connegative
Old French
Pronunciation
Adjective
bone
- nominative feminine singular of bon
- oblique feminine singular of bon
Turkish
Etymology
From French bonnet.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bo.ˈne/
- Hyphenation: bo‧ne
Noun
bone (definite accusative boneyi, plural boneler)
- (kıyafetler) bathing cap, swim cap, swimming cap.
Declension
Further reading
- bone on the Turkish Wikipedia.Wikipedia tr
Venetan
Adjective
bone
- feminine plural of bon
Source: wiktionary.org