Definitions and meaning of brak
brak
English
Etymology
Adjective
brak (comparative more brak, superlative most brak)
- (South Africa) Brackish.
Noun
brak (plural braks)
- (South Africa) A dog of mixed breed; a mongrel.
Anagrams
Crimean Tatar
Etymology
Russian брак (brak), from German Brack (“defective goods, defect, flaw”).
Noun
brak
- defect
Declension
References
- Mirjejev, V. A., Usejinov, S. M. (2002) Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary][1], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN
- “brak”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech brak, from Middle Low German brak. Compare Polish brak.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈbrak]
- Hyphenation: brak
Noun
brak m inan
- trash, leftovers, refuse (what is designated as bad; what is is leftover after what is good is taken)
Declension
Further reading
- “brak”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “brak”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “brak”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
Danish
Etymology 1
From German brach. Related to brække.
Adjective
brak (uninflectable)
- fallow
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From either Low German brack or Dutch brak.
Adjective
brak (neuter brakt, plural and definite singular attributive brakke)
- brackish, brack water
Inflection
Derived terms
References
- “brak” in Den Danske Ordbog
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /brɑk/
-
- Hyphenation: brak
- Rhymes: -ɑk
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch brac. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Adjective
brak (comparative brakker, superlative brakst)
- brackish
- (colloquial) bad
- (colloquial) hungover
Declension
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Papiamentu: brak
- → Sranan Tongo: brak
Etymology 2
From Middle Dutch bracke. Compare German Bracke, French braque, English brach, Italian bracco, Spanish braco. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Noun
brak m or f (plural brakken, diminutive brakje n)
- hound, brach (of either sex)
- Synonym: jachthond
Descendants
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
brak
- singular past indicative of breken
Anagrams
Gothic
Romanization
brak
- romanization of 𐌱𐍂𐌰𐌺
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse brak.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /praːk/
- Rhymes: -aːk
Noun
brak n (genitive singular braks, no plural)
- crash, din (sound of something breaking)
- wreckage, broken wood, etc.
Declension
Derived terms
- brak og brestir (“a colossal din”)
Further reading
- “brak” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
Indonesian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈbrak/ [ˈbrak̚]
- Rhymes: -ak
- Syllabification: brak
Noun
brak (plural brak-brak)
- (Jepara) workshop
Kashubian
Etymology
Borrowed from Polish brak.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbrak/
- Rhymes: -ak
- Syllabification: brak
Noun
brak m inan
- lack (non-existence of something)
- Synonym: niedostatk
Derived terms
Further reading
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “brak”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[2], volume 1, page 117
- “brak”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Old Czech
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle Low German brak. Compare Old Polish brak.
Pronunciation
-
- IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈbrak/
- IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈbrak/
Noun
brak m inan
- choice (what is taken n. selected from a group of individuals of the same kind)
- trash, leftovers, refuse (what is designated as bad; what is is leftover after what is good is taken)
Declension
Descendants
References
Further reading
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “brak”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle Low German brak. First attested in 1452. Compare Old Czech brak.
Pronunciation
-
- IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /brak/
- IPA(key): (15th CE) /brak/
Noun
brak m animacy unattested
- choice, selection
Derived terms
Related terms
Descendants
- Polish: brak
- Silesian: brak
References
- Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “brak”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
- Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965) “brak”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
- Mańczak, Witold (2017) “brak”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
- Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “brak”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “brak”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Polish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish brak.
Pronunciation
-
- Rhymes: -ak
- Syllabification: brak
Noun
brak m inan
- lack (non-existence of something) [with w (+ locative) ‘in what’]
- defect (fault or malfunction)
- Synonyms: defekt, feler, minus, niedostatek, wada
- faulty product (defective item that is the result of creation)
- (obsolete) choice; selection
- Synonym: wybór
Declension
Derived terms
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), brak (noun) is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 28 times in scientific texts, 19 times in news, 63 times in essays, 15 times in fiction, and 12 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 137 times, making it the 437th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
Verb
brak impf (defective)
- (impersonal) there is/are no; to be wanting [with genitive ‘what there is not’ and dative ‘for/on whom’]
- Synonym: brakować
- Na parkingu brak wolnych miejsc. ― There is no vacant space in the parking lot.
- (Far Masovian) synonym of potrzeba
- Brak mi jesce dwuch złotych do butów. ― I need to more złotys for the boots.
Conjugation
Descendants
References
Further reading
- brak in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- brak in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “brak”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “brak”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 199
- brak in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
- Wojciech Grzegorzewicz (1894) “brak”, in “O języku ludowym w powiecie przasnyskim”, in Sprawozdania Komisji Językowej Akademii Umiejętności (in Polish), volume 5, Krakow: Akademia Umiejętności, page 103
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *borkъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
brȃk m (Cyrillic spelling бра̑к)
- marriage
Declension
Derived terms
Silesian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish brak.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbrak/
-
- Rhymes: -ak
- Syllabification: brak
Noun
brak m inan
- lack (non-existence of something)
- Synonym: niydostatek
- (Cieszyn) type, kind
- Synonyms: gatōnek, kategoryjŏ, typ, wariant, wariacyjŏ, zorta
Declension
Derived terms
Further reading
Swedish
Noun
brak n
- a loud crashing sound like the sound of a large tree falling or a structure collapsing
Declension
Derived terms
- brak- (see there for more derived terms)
- brakare (“loud fart”)
- brakfis (“loud fart”)
- brakskit (“loud fart”)
Related terms
References
- brak in Svensk ordbok (SO)
- brak in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
- brak in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
Uzbek
Etymology
Borrowed from Russian брак (brak), from Polish brak, from Middle Low German brak (“flaw, defect; breaking”).
Noun
brak (plural braklar)
- reject, defective product
Declension
Source: wiktionary.org