Definitions and meaning of bum
bum
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /bʌm/
-
-
- Rhymes: -ʌm
Etymology 1
Attested since the 1300s, as Middle English bom (found in John Trevisa's 1387 Translation of the 'Polychronicon' of Ranulph Higden, "his bom is oute"), of uncertain origin. Sometimes suggested to be a shortening of botme, botom, bottum (“bottom”), but this is contradicted by the fact that bottom is not attested in reference to the buttocks until the late 1700s. Suggested by some old and modern references to be onomatopoeic.
Compare also Old Irish, Scottish Gaelic bun (“base, bottom”).
Noun
bum (plural bums)
- (informal or childish, chiefly Commonwealth) The buttocks.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:buttocks
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:bum.
- (informal or childish, chiefly Commonwealth) The anus.
- Synonyms: see Thesaurus:anus
Usage notes
- While bum is most common in the UK, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand, in Canada, bum is mainly used when speaking to young children, as in Everyone please sit on your bum and we’ll read a story. In the United States, bum is not often used in this sense (though this may vary from dialect to dialect) except in conscious imitation of British English. The term butt is the most common term in North America except in professional contexts such as medical, legal, and scientific where buttocks is generally used or gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, etc. for the muscles specifically. Glutes is often used in sports medicine and bodybuilding. Ass (originally a dialectal variant of arse) is considered vulgar in North America, whereas backside, behind, bottom and rear are considered to be non-specific terms.
Translations
Verb
bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)
- (UK, Ireland, transitive, colloquial) To sodomize; to engage in anal sex.
Interjection
bum
- (UK, Ireland, childish, euphemistic) An expression of annoyance.
- Synonym: arse (more vulgar)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
1864, back-formation from bummer, from German Bummler (“loafer”), from bummeln (“to loaf”).
Noun
bum (plural bums)
- (colloquial, sometimes derogatory) A homeless person, usually a man.
- Synonyms: street bum, tramp, vagrant, wanderer, vagabond; see also Thesaurus:vagabond
- (colloquial, sometimes derogatory) A lazy, incompetent, or annoying person, usually a man.
- Synonyms: loafer, bumpkin, footler; see also Thesaurus:idler
- (colloquial, sports) A player or racer who often performs poorly.
- (colloquial) A drinking spree.
- Synonyms: binge, bender
Translations
Verb
bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)
- (transitive, colloquial) To ask someone to give one (something) for free; to beg for something.
- Synonyms: (British) cadge; see also Thesaurus:scrounge
- (intransitive, colloquial) To stay idle and unproductive, like a hobo or vagabond.
- Synonym: loiter
- (transitive, slang, British) To wet the end of a marijuana cigarette (spliff).
Descendants
- → French: bummer
- → Norwegian Nynorsk: bomma
Translations
Adjective
bum (comparative bummer, superlative bummest)
- (slang) Of poor quality or highly undesirable.
- (slang) Unfair.
- (slang) Injured and without the possibility of full repair, defective.
- Synonym: (UK) duff
- (slang) Unpleasant or unhappy.
Quotations
- For quotations using this term, see Citations:bum.
Derived terms
Translations
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Back-formation from bum out.
Verb
bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)
- To depress; to make unhappy.
Usage notes
This expression is typically found in the passive voice or with the subject it. Thus one might use sentences such as
- It really bums me when it rains on a weekend.
- I get bummed every time my vacation ends.
But one would not normally say
- Mosquitos and horseflies bum me every time I go to the lake.
References
- Douglas Harper (2001–2025) “bum”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.
Etymology 4
See boom.
Noun
bum (plural bums)
- (dated) A humming noise.
Verb
bum (third-person singular simple present bums, present participle bumming, simple past and past participle bummed)
- (intransitive) To make a murmuring or humming sound.
Derived terms
Etymology 5
Abbreviation.
Noun
bum (plural bums)
- (obsolete) A bumbailiff.
Derived terms
References
Anagrams
Albanian
Etymology
From English boom with orthographic adaptation.
Noun
bum
- (economics) boom
Indonesian
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈbum/ [ˈbum]
- Rhymes: -um
- Syllabification: bum
Etymology 1
From Dutch slagboom (“boom barrier, boom gate”) or boom (“beam, barrier, tree, pole”). Doublet of bom.
Alternative forms
Noun
bum (plural bum-bum)
- boom barrier, boom gate (a bar or pole that can be lowered or raised to controll the traffic)
- (figurative) customs (government agency that handles taxes of imported goods)
- Synonyms: bea cukai, duane, pabean
Etymology 2
From English boom, a onomatopoeic word.
Noun
bum
- (economics, business) boom (a period of prosperity, growth, progress, or high market activity)
Further reading
- “bum” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Irish
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
bum m (genitive singular bum, nominative plural bumanna)
- (sailing) boom
Declension
Synonyms
Mutation
Mizo
Pronunciation
Verb
bum
- swindle
- cheat
- trick
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbum/
-
- Rhymes: -um
- Syllabification: bum
- Homophone: boom
Etymology 1
Onomatopoeic.
Interjection
bum
- boom (sound of explosion)
- bang (any brief, sharp, loud noise)
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Dutch boom.
Noun
bum m inan
- alternative form of bom
Declension
Etymology 3
Borrowed from English boom.
Noun
bum m inan
- alternative form of boom
Declension
Further reading
- bum I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bum II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- bum in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ũ
- Hyphenation: bum
Etymology 1
Onomatopoeic.
Interjection
bum!
- boom (sound of explosion)
Etymology 2
From English boom.
Noun
bum m (plural buns)
- boom (a rapid expansion or increase)
Romanian
Etymology
Onomatopoeic.
Interjection
bum
- boom
Serbo-Croatian
Verb
bum (Cyrillic spelling бум)
- (Kajkavian) first-person singular future of biti
Spanish
Etymology
Onomatopoeic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈbum/ [ˈbũm]
- Rhymes: -um
- Syllabification: bum
Interjection
¡bum!
- boom (used to suggest the sound of an explosion)
- boom (used to suggest something happening suddenly and unexpectedly)
See also
Further reading
- “bum”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2024 December 10
Transylvanian Saxon
Noun
bum m
- tree
References
Umbrian
Romanization
bum
- romanization of 𐌁𐌖𐌌
Volapük
Pronunciation
Noun
bum (nominative plural bums)
- act of building
Declension
Derived terms
Welsh
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /bɨ̞m/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /bɪm/
Numeral
bum
- soft mutation of pum (“five”)
Mutation
Source: wiktionary.org