Definitions and meaning of crisp
crisp
English
Pronunciation
- (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA(key): /kɹɪsp/
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- Rhymes: -ɪsp
Etymology 1
The adjective is derived partly from the following:
- Sense 1: Middle English crisp (“curly; having curly hair or wool; of fabric: crinkly, wrinkled; of water: rippled”), from Old English crisp (“curly”), from Latin crispus (“of hair: crimped, curly”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *kris-, from *(s)ker- (“to bend; to turn”).
- Sense 2: from the above, and probably also onomatopoeic, representing a crinkling or crunching sound.
Doublet of crape and crepe.
Adjective sense 2.2.3 (“of air, weather, etc.: cool and dry”) is transferred from a description of frost or snow as “crisp”, that is, crunchy.
The noun is derived partly from the following:
- Middle English crisp (“light, crinkled fabric; kind of pastry; crinkliness or roughness of skin”), from crisp (adjective) (see above).
- Modern English crisp (adjective) (“having a consistency which is hard yet brittle”).
Adjective
crisp (comparative crisper, superlative crispest)
- Senses relating to curliness.
- (dated) Of hair: curling, especially in tight, stiff curls or ringlets; also (obsolete), of a person: having hair curled in this manner.
- (archaic or obsolete) Of a body of water, skin, etc.: having a surface which is rippled or wrinkled.
- (botany, archaic) Synonym of crispate (“of a leaf: having curled, notched, or wavy edges”); crisped.
- (uncertain, obsolete) Clear; also, shining, or smooth.
- Senses relating to brittleness.
- Having a consistency which is hard yet brittle, and in a condition to break with a sharp fracture; crumbly, friable, short.
- (figurative)
- Not limp; firm, stiff; not stale or wilted; fresh; also, effervescent, lively.
- Of action, movement, a person's manner, etc.: precise and quick; brisk.
- Antonym: flabby
- Of air, weather, etc.: cool and dry; also, of a period of time: characterized by such weather.
- Of fabric, paper, etc.: clean and uncreased.
- Of something heard or seen: clearly defined; clean, neat, sharp.
- (computing theory) Not using fuzzy logic; based on a binary distinction between true and false.
- (oenology) Of wine: having a refreshing amount of acidity; having less acidity than green wine, but more than a flabby one.
Derived terms
Related terms
- crispate
- crispated
- crispation
Translations
Noun
crisp (plural crisps)
- Senses relating to something brittle.
- (chiefly Canada, US) A type of baked dessert consisting of fruit topped with a crumbly mixture made with fat, flour, and sugar; a crumble.
- Synonym: crunch
- (Ireland, UK, chiefly in the plural) In full potato crisp: a thin slice of potato which has been deep-fried until it is brittle and crispy, and eaten when cool; they are typically packaged and sold as a snack.
- Synonyms: chip, potato chip (all Australia, Canada, US)
- (Ireland, UK, by extension) Chiefly with a descriptive word: a thin slice made of some other ingredient(s) (such as cornmeal or a vegetable) which is baked or deep-fried and eaten as a snack like a potato crisp.
- (slang, dated) A banknote; also, a number of banknotes collectively.
- (originally US, also figurative) Chiefly in to a crisp: a food item that has been overcooked, or a thing which has been burned, to the point of becoming charred or dried out.
- (obsolete except UK, dialectal) The crispy rind of roast pork; crackling.
- (obsolete) Senses relating to something curled.
- A curly lock of hair, especially one which is tightly curled.
- A delicate fabric, possibly resembling crepe, especially used by women for veils or other head coverings in the past; also, a head covering made of this fabric.
Derived terms
- burn to a crisp
- cheese crisp
- crisplike
- prawn crisp
Translations
Etymology 2
Partly from the following:
- Sense 1: crisp (adjective; see etymology 1).
- Sense 2: Late Middle English crispen (“to curl; of hair: to be curly”), from Old English cirpsian (“to curl, crisp”), from Latin crīspō (“to crimp; to curl”), from crispus (“of hair: crimped, curly”, adjective) (see etymology 1) + -ō (suffix forming infinitives of first-conjugation verbs).
Verb
crisp (third-person singular simple present crisps, present participle crisping, simple past and past participle crisped)
- Senses relating to brittleness.
- (transitive) To make (something) firm yet brittle; specifically (cooking), to give (food) a crispy surface through frying, grilling, or roasting.
- Synonym: crispen
- c. 1752, Elizabeth Moxon, English Housewifry, Leeds: James Lister, “To make Hare Soop,” p. 6,[2]
- […] put it into a Dish, with a little stew’d Spinage, crisp’d Bread, and a few forc’d-meat Balls.
- (transitive, figurative, dated) To add small amounts of colour to (something); to tinge, to tint.
- (intransitive) To become firm yet brittle; specifically (cooking), of food: to form a crispy surface through frying, grilling, or roasting.
- Synonym: crispen
- (intransitive, dated) To make a sharp crackling or crunching sound.
- Synonyms: crackle, creak, crunch, rustle
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- 1915, Clotilde Graves (as Richard Dehan), “A Dish of Macaroni” in Off Sandy Hook, New York: Frederick A. Stokes, p. 39,[9]
- […] her light footsteps and crisping draperies retreated along the passage,
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- (dated) Senses relating to curliness.
- (transitive) To curl (something, such as fabric) into tight, stiff folds or waves; to crimp, to crinkle; specifically, to form (hair) into tight curls or ringlets.
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- 1609, Douay-Rheims Bible, 2 Chronicles 4.5,[12]
- […] the brimme therof was as it were the brimme of a chalice, or of a crisped lilie:
- 1630, Michael Drayton, The Muses Elizium, London: John Waterson, “The Description of Elizium,” The fift Nimphall, p. 44,[13]
- The Louer with the Myrtle Sprayes
- Adornes his crisped Tresses:
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- (transitive, figurative)
- To cause (a body of water) to undulate irregularly; to ripple.
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- 1818, Lord Byron, Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto 4, London: John Murray, stanza 53, p. 29,[15]
- I would not their vile breath should crisp the stream
- Wherein that image shall for ever dwell;
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- To twist or wrinkle (a body part).
- (transitive, UK, dialectal) To fold (newly woven cloth).
- (intransitive) To become curled into tight, stiff folds or waves.
- (intransitive, figurative)
- Of a body of water: to ripple, to undulate.
- 1630, Henry Hawkins (translator), Certaine selected epistles of S. Hierome, Saint-Omer: The English College Press, “The Epitaphe of S. Paula,” p. 96,[22]
- Hitherto we haue sayled with a fore-wind, & our sliding ship hath plowed vp the crisping waues of the Sea at ease.
- 1832, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Lotos-Eaters,” Choric Song, V., in Poems, London: Moxon, p. 114,[23]
- To watch the crisping ripples on the beach,
- And tender curving lines of creamy spray:
- Of a body part: to become twisted or wrinkled.
Derived terms
Translations
References
Further reading
- “crisp”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
- William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “crisp”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
Anagrams
Middle English
Alternative forms
- cripce, crips, crispe, crysp, cryspe, kyrspe
Etymology
From Old English crisp, cirps and Old French cresp, crespe, from Latin crispus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /krisp/, /krips/
Adjective
crisp (plural and weak singular crispe)
- curly, curled
- curly-haired
- crinkly or wavy
Related terms
Descendants
References
- “crisp, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Noun
crisp (plural crispes)
- A kind of curled pastry.
- A kind of crinkly fabric.
Descendants
References
- “crisp, adj.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old English
Etymology
From Latin crispus (“curly”).
Adjective
crisp
- (of hair) curly
Descendants
- Middle English: crisp, cripce, crips, crispe, crysp, cryspe, kyrspe
References
- Joseph Bosworth, T. Northcote Toller (1898) “crisp”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Source: wiktionary.org