“deus” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
“deus” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
“deus” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
“deus” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
Latin
Alternative forms
Deus(letter case, God in Abrahamic faiths)
dius(used in the phrase "me dius fidius")
Etymology
From Old Latindeivos, from Proto-Italic*deiwos, from Proto-Indo-European*deywós. An o-stem derivative from *dyew-(“sky, heaven”), from which also diēs and Iuppiter.
Despite its superficial similarity in form and meaning, not related to Ancient Greekθεός(theós) — the Latin cognate of the latter is Latinfānum.
deusm (irregular, genitivedeī, femininedea); second declension
god, deity
the ancient Roman “Dī Penātēs,” personal or family gods of hearth and home, embodied as small statues or icons
epithet of high distinction
Usage notes
The regularly constructed vocative singular form would be *dee, but this inflection is not attested in Classical Latin; polytheistic Romans had no formal use for vocally addressing one of the many Roman deities by a generic term for god rather than address a deity by proper name. In Late Latin, following Rome's conversion to monotheistic Christianity, Dee and Deus were adopted as the vocative singular form to address the Christian God, attested to throughout the 4th century AD Biblical Latin Vulgate Bible of St. Jerome. Some scholars suggest dive was used as the classical vocative singular, while others believe the form simply did not exist prior to Christian Latin. However the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae and Oxford Latin Dictionary assert that the classical vocative singular was in fact deus, citing its rhetorical usage by Roman physician Scribonius Largus in the 1st century AD.
Declension
Second-declension noun (irregular).
Coordinate terms
dea (goddess)
Derived terms
Related terms
deifer
deificō
deificus
Deus
Descendants
Eastern Romance
Romanian: zeu, zău
Franco-Provençal: diô
Italo-Dalmatian
Corsican: diu, dio
Dalmatian: di, dai
Istriot: deo
Italian: dio, deh
Neapolitan: ddìo
Sicilian: deu, diu
Occitano-Romance
Catalan: déu
Old Occitan: deu
Occitan: dieu
Old French: deu
Middle French: dieu
French: dieu
Haitian Creole: dye
Bourguignon: dei
Norman: dùu, dgieu
Rhaeto-Romance
Friulian: diu
Romansch: dieu
Sardinian: déu
Venetian: dio
West Iberian
Aragonese: dios
Extremaduran: dios
Old Leonese:
Asturian: dios
Leonese: dius, dious
Mirandese: dius
Old Galician-Portuguese: deus
Galician: deus
Portuguese: deus (see there for further descendants)
Old Spanish: dios
Ladino: dio
Spanish: dios (see there for further descendants)
References
Further reading
“deus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“deus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
deus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
deus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
Old French
Alternative forms
deuz
Etymology
From Latinduos, duas, the masculine and feminine accusative singulars of duō. The nominative form dui come from plural Vulgar Latin*duī, altered from duō under analogy with forms like duae.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /deu̯s/
Numeral
deus (nominativedui)
two
Descendants
Middle French: deux
French: deux
Norman: deux
→ English: deuce
Old Galician-Portuguese
Alternative forms
Deus
deꝯ(abbreviation)
dṡ(abbreviation)
Etymology
From Latindeus(“god”). See deus for more information.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈd̪ews̺/
Proper noun
deus
(Christianity) God
Por ela nos perdõou / deus o pecado Dadam. / da maçãa que goſtou. per / que ſoffreu muit affan.
Through her, God forgave us of Adam’s sin. Of the apple he tasted, because she felt very anguished.
Descendants
Galician: deus
Portuguese: deus (see there for further descendants)
Portuguese
Alternative forms
deos(obsolete)
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguesedeus(“God”), from Latindeus(“god, deity”), unusual in that it was derived from the nominative instead of the accusative (deum), from Old Latindeivos(“god, deity”), from Proto-Italic*deiwos(“god, deity”), from Proto-Indo-European*deywós(“god, deity”), from *dyew-(“sky, heaven”).