In Balearic Catalan, es contrasts with el as an obviative article, but is often used in first instance.
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
IPA(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencian)[ˈes]
Noun
es
plural of e(“the letter E”)
Further reading
“es” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Cimbrian
Alternative forms
'z(Luserna)
is, 's
Etymology
From Middle High Germanëz, iz, from Old High Germaniz, from Proto-West Germanic*it, from Proto-Germanic*it, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz. Cognate with German es.
Pronoun
es
(Sette Comuni) it
Inflection
References
“es” in Martalar, Umberto Martello, Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Crimean Tatar
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic*es. Compare to Kumykэс(es), etc.
From Middle Dutchessche, from Old Dutch*aska, from Proto-West Germanic*ask, from Proto-Germanic*askaz, *askiz.
Compare West Frisian esk, English ash, German Esche, Danish ask, compare Welsh onnen, Latin ornus(“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanianúosis, Russianясень(jasenʹ), Albanian ah(“beech”), Ancient Greekὀξύα(oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenianհացի(hacʻi).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs
Homophone: Esch
Noun
esm (pluralessen, diminutiveesjen)
ash, ash tree, Fraxinus excelsior
ash, any tree of the genus Fraxinus
Alternative forms
esch(obsolete)
Derived terms
esdoorn
eslook
essenstoof
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs
Noun
esm (pluralessen, diminutiveesjen)
(music) E-flat
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /əs/
Hyphenation: es
Adverb
es
(informal, dialectal)Alternative form of eens(“once”)
Etymology 4
From Middle Dutchesche, ultimately from Proto-Germanic*atiska-. More at German Esch, Gothic𐌰𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺(atisk).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs
Noun
esm (pluralessen, diminutiveesjen)
A tract of open, often raised agricultural land near or surrounding a village or hamlet.
Synonym:enk
Alternative forms
esch(obsolete)
Finnish
Etymology
From GermanEs (German key notation).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈes/, [ˈe̞s̠]
Rhymes: -es
Syllabification(key): es
Noun
es
(music) E-flat
Usage notes
Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.
Declension
Derived terms
Anagrams
se
French
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛ/, (in liaison)/ɛ.z‿/, (in liaison)/e.z‿/
Rhymes: -ɛ
Homophones: ai, aie, aies, aient, ait, est, hais, hait
Verb
es
second-person singular present indicative of être
Anagrams
SE, se
Fuyug
Noun
es (pluralesing)
child
References
Robert L. Bradshaw, Fuyug grammar sketch (2007)
Galician
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Verb
es
second-person singular present indicative of ser
German
Alternative forms
's(chiefly informal or poetic)
-'s
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Etymology 1
From Middle High Germanëz, from Old High Germaniz, from Proto-Germanic*it. Compare English it.
Pronoun
esn
Nominative and accusative neuter third-person singular personal pronoun
Impersonal pronoun used to refer to statements, activities, the environment etc., or as a placeholder/dummy pronoun — it
Das kann es nicht geben. () ― This is nothing that could possibly exist.
Es war einmal eine schöne Prinzessin. () ― There was once a beautiful princess.
Usage notes
As a pronoun referring to people who are grammatically neutral, it is sometimes considered old-fashioned or dated to insist on using the neutral es instead of er/sie, especially for Mädchen, in spoken language, and when there is a large distance between when the person is introduced and when the corresponding pronoun is used.
In a small and closed set of phrases, es continues a Middle High German ës which was the genitive of ëz: Ich bin es müde ‘I am tired of it’.
In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is fully replaced with the demonstrative pronoun das, with which it shares the unstressed reduction /s/. This reflects a similar development for sie/die, but predates it.
Declension
Derived terms
Es
-'s
by the German spelling reform of 1996:gehts, nimms, wenns
Etymology 2
Article
esn
(regional, colloquial)Alternative form of das
Usage notes
The contracted form 's is more common, but es is also frequently heard.
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology
From Portugueseeste. Cognate with Kabuverdianu es.
Pronoun
es
this
Hunsrik
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /əs, es/
Pronoun
es
it
Inflection
Further reading
Online Hunsrik Dictionary
Icelandic
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛːs/
Rhymes: -ɛːs
Noun
esn (genitive singularess, nominative plurales)
(music) E flat
Declension
Related terms
e
eses
as
ces
des
fes
ges
Ido
Etymology
By assimilation with Englishis, Frenches, Italianessere, Spanishes.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈɛs/
Verb
es
Apocopic form of esas
Indonesian
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈɛs/, [ˈɛs]
Rhymes: -ɛs, -s
Hyphenation: ès
Etymology 1
From Dutchijs, from Middle Dutchijs, from Old Dutch*īs, from Proto-Germanic*īsą, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁eyH-.
(Latin-script letter names)huruf; a, be, ce, de, e, ef, ge, ha, i, je, ka, el, em, en, o, pe, ki, er, es, te, u, ve, we, eks, ye, zet
Further reading
“es” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua
Verb
es
present indicative of esser: is, are, am
Kabuverdianu
Etymology 1
From Portugueseeles.
Pronoun
es
they
Etymology 2
From Portugueseeste.
Pronoun
es
this
Latgalian
Alternative forms
(archaic)as
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic*ēź, from Proto-Indo-European*eǵ. Cognates include Latvian es and Lithuanianaš.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈæs]
Hyphenation: es
Pronoun
es
I
Declension
See also
References
Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 35
Latin
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Multiple Latin names for the letter S, s have been suggested. The most common is es or a syllabics, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, sē, sss, əs, sə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ισσε(isse).
Coordinate terms
(Latin-script letter names)littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta
References
es in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63
Etymology 2
From Proto-Italic*es, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁ési.
second-person singular present active indicative/imperative of edō
Synonyms
edis
Latvian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Balto-Slavic*ēź-, from Proto-Indo-European*eǵ (from *éǵh₂). The non-nominative forms derive from Proto-Indo-European dependent stem *me- (the a instead of e in the Baltic languages appears to result from Iranian influence): reduplicated *me-me- → *mene → Proto-Baltic genitive/accusative *mane → *manen (by analogy with other accusatives) → *manens (by analogy with other genitives) → genitive manis, while *manen → accusative mani. Dative man comes from an older *mani. Instrumental variant manim imitates the nominal i-stem paradigm. Cognates include Lithuanianaš (archaic eš), Old Prussian es, as, Sudovian as, Proto-Slavic*(j)azъ (Old Church Slavonicазъ(azŭ), Old East Slavicꙗзъ(jazŭ), Belarusian, Ukrainian, Russianя(ja), Bulgarianаз(az), Czechjá (from jaz), Polish ja (from jaz)), Proto-Germanic*ekan, *ek (Gothic𐌹𐌺(ik), Old Norse ek, Old High German ih, German ich, Old English ic, English I), Hittite [script needed] (uk), Sanskritअहम्(ahám), Avestan𐬀𐬰𐬆𐬨(azəm), Ancient Greekἐγώ(egṓ), Latin ego, Ossetianӕз(æz).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ɛs]
Pronoun
es(personal, 1st person singular)
I; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker
Usage notes
The dative form manim is used only optionally, with prepositions.
Declension
Related terms
manējs
See also
vietniekvārds
Personal pronouns (personuvietniekvārdi): es - tu - viņš - viņa - mēs - jūs - viņi - viņas
Noun
esm (invariable)
I, ego (the essence of a person)
Etymology 2
A cross-linguistically frequent way of naming this sound, and the respective letter.
Noun
esm (invariable)
The Latvian name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See also
Latvian letter names:
a (A), garais ā (Ā), bē (B), cē (C), čē (Č), dē (D), e (E), garais ē (Ē), ef (F), gā (G), ģē (Ģ), hā (H), i (I), garais ī (Ī), jē (J), kā (K), ķē (Ķ), el (L), eļ (Ļ), em (M), en (N), eņ (Ņ), o (O), pē (P), er (R), es (S), eš (Š), tē (T), u (U), garais ū (Ū), vē (V), zē (Z), žē (Ž)
References
Lower Sorbian
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Noun
esm inan
The name of the Latin-script letter s.
See also
(Latin-script letter names) a, bej, cej, čet, ćej, dej, ej, ět, ef, gej, ha, cha, i, jot, ka, eł, el, em, en, ejn, o, pej, er, ejŕ, es, eš, śej, tej, u, wej, y, zet, žet, źej
Malay
Etymology
From Englishess.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈes/, [ˈes]
Noun
és (plurales-es)
The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.
Synonyms
ès(Indonesian)
sin(Jawi letter name)
See also
(Latin-script letter names)huruf; e, bi, si, di, i, ef, ji, hec, ai, je, ke, el, em, en, o, pi, kiu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dabel yu, eks, way, zed
Middle Dutch
Pronoun
es
genitive of hi
genitive of het
Verb
es
Alternative form of is; third-person singular present indicative of wēsen
Middle English
Etymology 1
Determiner
es
Alternative form of his(“his”)
Pronoun
es
Alternative form of his(“his”)
Etymology 2
Pronoun
es
Alternative form of his(“her”)
Etymology 3
Verb
es
Alternative form of is(“is”)
Middle French
Etymology 1
Old Frenches ("[you] are").
Verb
es
second-person singular present indicative of estre
Etymology 2
Old Frenches ("in the").
Contraction
es
Contraction of en + les(“in the (plural)”).
Middle Irish
Noun
esf
stoat, weasel
Descendants
Irish: eas
Mutation
Norwegian Nynorsk
Verb
es
present of asa(to swell, ferment)
Occitan
Verb
es
third-person singular present indicative of èsser
Ojibwe
Etymology
From Proto-Algonquian*e·hsa.
Noun
es (pluralesag)
shell (2)
oyster
Old French
Etymology
Contraction of enles.
Preposition
es
in the
Descendants
French: ès(archaic except in fixed expressions)
Old Irish
Alternative forms
ess(theoretically available for all senses; attested in only some)
Etymology 1
Noun
es (gender unknown)
the letter s
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
es (gender unknown)
death
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
es (gender unknown)
food
Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
es (gender unknown)
ox
Etymology 5
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronoun
es
Alternative spelling of as: third-person singular masculine of a
Mutation
Old Norse
Etymology 1
From Proto-Norseᛁᛊᛏ(ist), from Proto-Germanic*isti, first/third-person singular indicative present of *wesaną. Evolved to younger variant er. Compare vesa, vas (vera, var).
Verb
es
Archaic form of er., third-person singular indicative present of vera
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic*iz(“he; 3rd person personal pronoun”). Cognate with Gothic𐌹𐍃(is), Old High German ēr (German er).
Pronoun
es
Archaic form of er. (which, that)
Conjunction
es
Archaic form of er. (when, where)
Pennsylvania German
Alternative forms
's
Etymology
Compare German es, Dutch het, English it.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Article
esn (definite)
nominative/accusative neuter singular of der: the
Declension
Pronoun
esn
it
Declension
Romagnol
Etymology
Inherited from Early Medieval Latinessere, from Latinesse.
Verb
es
to be
(auxiliary, used to form composite past tense of many intransitive verbs) to have (done something).
Sawi
Interjection
es
at once
Uvur haramavimaken, du famud, es! — The tide is about to turn; cook the sago at once!
enough
References
Scots
Noun
es (pluraleses)
Alternative spelling of aes(“”)
References
“es, n.” in the Dictionary of the Scots Language, Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries.
Spanish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈes/[ˈes]
Rhymes: -es
Syllabification: es
Etymology 1
From Latinest, from Proto-Italic*est, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁ésti. Cognate with Sanskritअस्ति(ásti), English is.
Verb
es
third-person singular present indicative of ser
Etymology 2
Noun
esf pl
plural of e
Sudovian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic*is, from Proto-Indo-European*ís. Compare Lithuanianjìs, but dissimilar Latvianviņš(“he”), Old Prussiantāns(“he”).
Pronoun
eſm
(third-person singular) he
References
Tagalog
Etymology
Borrowed from Englishess, the English name of the letter S/s.
Pronunciation
(Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ʔes/, [ʔɛs]
Rhymes: -es
Noun
es (Baybayin spellingᜁᜐ᜔)
The name of the Latin-script letter S/s,in the Filipino alphabet.
Synonyms:(in the Abakada alphabet)sa, (in the Abecedario)ese
See also
(Latin-script letter names)titik; ey, bi, si, di, i, ef, dyi, eyts, ay, dyey, key, el, em, en, enye, en dyi, o, pi, kyu, ar, es, ti, yu, vi, dobolyu, eks, way, zi
Further reading
“es”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Tocharian A
Etymology
From Proto-Tocharian*ānse, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂ṓms-o-s, a form of *h₂ṓms. Compare Tocharian Bāntse.
Noun
es
shoulder
bough, limb (of a tree)
branch of a particular matter
Welsh
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /eːs/
Rhymes: -eːs
Verb
es
first-person singular preterite colloquial of mynd