Alternative form of ess(letter 's') in compounds such as "es-hook".
Etymology 2
e + -s.
Noun
es
plural of e
Usage notes
There is some difference of opinion regarding the use of apostrophes in the pluralization of references to letters as symbols. New Fowler's Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that "after letters an apostrophe is obligatory." The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.16, "To avoid confusion, lowercase letters ... form the plural with an apostrophe and an s". The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.
Etymology 3
Verb
es (be)
Pronunciation spelling of is.
Anagrams
-se, SE, Se., se, se.
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutchest, variant of eest, from Middle Dutcheeste (also este).
Noun
es (pluralesse)
fireplace
Synonym:vuurherd
Alemannic German
Pronunciation
(Zurich) IPA(key): /əs/, /ɛs/
Etymology 1
Article
esn
neuter of en: a/an
1978, Rolf Lyssy & Christa Maerker, Die Schweizermacher (transcript):
Das isch September vor eme Jar gsi.
Declension
Short forms of the dative – eme, ere, eme – are also common.
Etymology 2
From Middle High Germanëʒ, from Old High Germaniʒ, from Proto-Germanic*it. Cognate with Germanes.
Pronoun
esn
(personal) it
Declension
Aragonese
Pronoun
es
them (masculine direct object)
Synonyms
los
Arin
Alternative forms
eš
Etymology
From Proto-Yeniseian*ʔes(“God, sky”). Compare Kottēš, eš(“God, sky”), Assanaš-parán(“sky”); ös, eš(“God”); öš, eč(“God, sky”) and Pumpokoleč(“sky”).
Noun
es
God
sky
Aromanian
Alternative forms
esu, ies, iesu
Etymology
From Latinexeō. Compare Daco-Romanianieși, ies.
Verb
es (third-person singular present indicativeeasiorease, past participleishitã)
I leave, exit, go out.
(of the sun, moon) rise
(figuratively) I defecate.
Related terms
ishiri / ishire
ishit
ishitã
ishitor
See also
mi-duc
fug
mi-cac
Assan
Alternative forms
eš
Etymology
From Proto-Yeniseian*ʔes(“God, sky”). Compare Kottēš, eš(“God, sky”), Arineš(“God, sky”) and Pumpokoleč(“sky”).
Noun
es
God
Synonyms
ečāl
eš
ēš
Bavarian
Alternative forms
eß
ös(dated)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /es/, [es]
Pronoun
espl (second-person nominative)
you (plural, familiar)
Catalan
Pronunciation
(Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /əs/
(Valencian) IPA(key): /es/
Etymology 1
From Latinsē
Pronoun
es (proclitic, contracteds', encliticse, contracted enclitic's)
himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
In Balearic Catalan, es contrasts with el as an obviative article, but is often used in first instance.
Etymology 3
Noun
es
plural of e
Further reading
“es” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Cimbrian
Alternative forms
'z (Luserna)
is, 's
Etymology
From Middle High Germanëz, iz, from Old High Germaniz, from Proto-West Germanic*it, from Proto-Germanic*it, nominative/accusative singular neuter of *iz. Cognate with Germanes.
Pronoun
es
(Sette Comuni) it
Inflection
References
“es” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Czech
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈɛs]
Noun
esn
The name of the Latin-script letter S.
See also
(Latin-script letter names) písmeno; á, bé, cé, dé, é, ef, gé, há, chá, í, jé, ká, el, em, en, ó, pé, kvé, er, es, té, ú, vé, dvojité vé, iks, ypsilon, zet(Category: cs:Latin letter names)
From Middle Dutchessche, from Old Dutch*aska, from Proto-Germanic*askaz, *askiz (compare West Frisianesk, Englishash, GermanEsche, Danishask), from Proto-Indo-European*h₃osk- (compare Welshonnen, Latinornus(“wild mountain ash”), Lithuanianúosis, Russianясень(jasenʹ), Albanianah(“beech”), Ancient Greekὀξύα(oxúa, “beech”), Old Armenianհացի(hacʿi)).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs
Noun
esm (pluralessen, diminutiveesjen)
ash, ash tree, Fraxinus excelsior
ash, any tree of the genus Fraxinus
Alternative forms
esch(obsolete)
Derived terms
essenstoof
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs
Noun
esm (pluralessen, diminutiveesjen)
(music) E-flat
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /əs/
Hyphenation: es
Adverb
es
(informal, dialectal)Alternative form of eens(“once”)
Etymology 4
From Middle Dutchesche. Compare GermanEsch. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Hyphenation: es
Rhymes: -ɛs
Noun
esm (pluralessen, diminutiveesjen)
A tract of open, often raised agricultural land near or surrounding a village or hamlet.
Synonym:enk
Alternative forms
esch(obsolete)
Finnish
Etymology
From GermanEs (German key notation).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈes/, [ˈe̞s̠]
Rhymes: -es
Syllabification: es
Noun
es
(music) E-flat
Usage notes
Capitalized for the great octave or any octave below that, or in names of major keys; not capitalized for the small octave or any octave above that, or in names of minor keys.
Declension
Anagrams
se
French
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛ/
Verb
es
second-person singular present indicative of être
Anagrams
SE, se
Fuyug
Noun
es (pluralesing)
child
References
Robert L. Bradshaw, Fuyug grammar sketch (2007)
Galician
Verb
es
second-person singular present indicative of ser
German
Alternative forms
's (chiefly informal or poetic)
-'s
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Etymology 1
From Middle High Germanëz, from Old High Germaniz, from Proto-Germanic*it. Compare Englishhis.
Pronoun
esn
The third-person singular personal pronoun used to refer neuter nouns in the nominative and accusative cases — it (referring to things), he or him (with reference to male creatures, people etc. that are grammatically neuter), or she or her (with reference to female creatures, people etc. that are grammatically neuter)
1952, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, ‘Das dicke Kind’:
Impersonal pronoun used to refer to statements, activities, the environment etc., or as a placeholder/dummy pronoun — it
Usage notes
As a pronoun referring to people who are grammatically neutral, it is sometimes considered old-fashioned or dated to insist on using the neutral es instead of er/sie, especially for Mädchen, in spoken language, and when there is a large distance between when the person is introduced and when the corresponding pronoun is used.
In a small and closed set of phrases, es continues a Middle High German ës which was the genitive of ëz: Ich bin es müde ‘I am tired of it’.
In the colloquial speech of some areas, this pronoun is fully replaced with the demonstrative pronoun das, with which it shares the unstressed reduction /s/. This reflects a similar development for sie/die, but predates it.
Declension
Derived terms
Es
-'s
by the German spelling reform of 1996:gehts, nimms, wenns
Etymology 2
Article
esn
(regional, colloquial)Alternative form of das
Usage notes
The contracted form 's is more common, but es is also frequently heard.
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology
From Portugueseeste. Cognate with Kabuverdianues.
Pronoun
es
this
Hunsrik
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /əs, es/
Pronoun
es
it
Inflection
Further reading
Online Hunsrik Dictionary
Icelandic
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛːs/
Rhymes: -ɛːs
Noun
esn (genitive singularess, nominative plurales)
(music) E flat
Declension
Related terms
e
eses
as
ces
des
fes
ges
Ido
Etymology
By assimilation with Englishis, Frenches, Italianessere, Spanishes.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈɛs/
Verb
es
Apocopic form of esas
Indonesian
Etymology
From Dutchijs, from Middle Dutchijs, from Old Dutch*īs, from Proto-Germanic*īsą, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁eyH-.
“es” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
Interlingua
Verb
es
present indicative of esser: is, are, am
Kabuverdianu
Etymology 1
From Portugueseeles.
Pronoun
es
they
Etymology 2
From Portugueseeste.
Pronoun
es
this
Latin
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
(Classical) IPA(key): /es/, [ɛs̠]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /es/, [ɛs]
Noun
esf (indeclinable)
The name of the letter S.
Usage notes
Multiple Latin names for the letter S, s have been suggested. The most common is es or a syllabics, although there is some evidence which also supports, as names for the letter, sē, sss, əs, sə, and even (in the fourth- or fifth-century first Antinoë papyrus, which gives Greek transliterations of the Latin names of the Roman alphabet’s letters) ισσε(isse).
Coordinate terms
(Latin-script letter names)littera; ā, bē, cē, dē, ē, ef, gē, hā / *acca, ī, kā, el, em, en, ō, pē, kū, er, es, tē, ū, ix / īx / ex, ȳ / ī graeca / ȳpsīlon, zēta
References
es in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
Arthur E. Gordon, The Letter Names of the Latin Alphabet (University of California Press, 1973; volume 9 of University of California Publications: Classical Studies), especially pages 30–31, 42–44, and 63
Etymology 2
Form of the verb sum(“am”).
Pronunciation
(Classical) IPA(key): /es/, [ɛs̠]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /es/, [ɛs]
Verb
es
second-person singular present active indicative of sum
second-person singular present active imperative of sum
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:es.
Etymology 3
Form of the verb edō(“I eat”).
Pronunciation
(Classical) IPA(key): /eːs/, [eːs̠]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /es/, [ɛs]
Verb
ēs
second-person singular present active indicative of edō
second-person singular present active imperative of edō
Synonyms
edis
Latvian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Baltic*ež, from Proto-Indo-European*eǵ (from *éǵh₂). The non-nominative forms derive from Proto-Indo-European dependent stem *me- (the a instead of e in the Baltic languages appears to result from Iranian influence): reduplicated *me-me- → *mene → Proto-Baltic genitive/accusative *mane → *manen (by analogy with other accusatives) → *manens (by analogy with other genitives) → genitive manis, while *manen → accusative mani. Dative man comes from an older *mani. Instrumental variant manim imitates the nominal i-stem paradigm. Cognates include Lithuanianaš (archaic eš), Old Prussianes, as, Sudovianas, Proto-Slavic*(j)azъ (Old Church Slavonicазъ(azŭ), Old East Slavicꙗзъ(jazŭ), Belarusian, Ukrainian, Russianя(ja), Bulgarianаз(az), Czechjá (from jaz), Polishja (from jaz)), Proto-Germanic*ekan, *ek (Gothic𐌹𐌺(ik), Old Norseek, Old High Germanih, Germanich, Old Englishic, EnglishI), Hittiteuk, Sanskritअहम्(ahám), Avestan𐬀𐬰𐬆𐬨 (azəm), Ancient Greekἐγώ(egṓ), Latinego, Ossetianӕз(æz).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ɛs]
Pronoun
es(personal, 1st person singular)
I; first person pronoun, referring to the speaker
Usage notes
The form mans is a possessive pronoun ('my'), while manis is a true genitive form ('of me'). The dative form manim is used only optionally, with prepositions.
Declension
Related terms
manējs
See also
vietniekvārds
Personal pronouns (personuvietniekvārdi): es - tu - viņš - viņa - mēs - jūs - viņi - viņas
Noun
esm (invariable)
I, ego (the essence of a person)
Etymology 2
A cross-linguistically frequent way of naming this sound, and the respective letter.
Noun
esm (invariable)
The Latvian name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See also
Latvian letter names:
a (A), garais ā (Ā), bē (B), cē (C), čē (Č), dē (D), e (E), garais ē (Ē), ef (F), gā (G), ģē (Ģ), hā (H), i (I), garais ī (Ī), jē (J), kā (K), ķē (Ķ), el (L), eļ (Ļ), em (M), en (N), eņ (Ņ), o (O), pē (P), er (R), es (S), eš (Š), tē (T), u (U), garais ū (Ū), vē (V), zē (Z), žē (Ž)
References
Middle Dutch
Pronoun
es
genitive of hi
genitive of het
Verb
es
Alternative form of is; third-person singular present indicative of wēsen
Middle English
Etymology 1
Determiner
es
Alternative form of his(“his”)
Pronoun
es
Alternative form of his(“his”)
Etymology 2
Pronoun
es
Alternative form of his(“her”)
Etymology 3
Verb
es
Alternative form of is(“is”)
Middle French
Etymology 1
Old Frenches ("[you] are").
Verb
es
second-person singular present indicative of estre
Etymology 2
Old Frenches ("in the").
Contraction
es
Contraction of en + les(“in the (plural)”).
Middle Irish
Noun
esf
stoat, weasel
Descendants
Irish: eas
Mutation
Norwegian Nynorsk
Verb
es
present tense ofasaandase(to swell, ferment)
Novial
Verb
es
be/am/is/are
(auxiliary)Used with a passive participle of a verb in order to denote that verb's passive voice, specifically the "passive of being" voice.
See also
bli
Occitan
Verb
es
third-person singular present indicative of èsser
Ojibwe
Etymology
From Proto-Algonquian*e·hsa.
Noun
es (pluralesag)
shell (2)
oyster
Old French
Etymology
Contraction of enles.
Preposition
es
in the
Descendants
French: ès(archaic)
Old Irish
Alternative forms
ess (theoretically available for all senses; attested in only some)
Etymology 1
Noun
es (gender unknown)
the letter s
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
es (gender unknown)
death
Etymology 3
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
es (gender unknown)
food
Etymology 4
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
es (gender unknown)
ox
Etymology 5
See the etymology of the main entry.
Pronoun
es
Alternative spelling of as: third-person singular masculine of a
Mutation
Pennsylvania German
Alternative forms
's
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛs/
Etymology
Compare Germanes, Dutchhet, Englishit.
Article
esn (definite, nominative)
the
Declension
Pronoun
esn
it
Declension
Romagnol
Etymology
From Latinesse, present active infinitive of sum.
Verb
es
to be
(auxiliary, used to form composite past tense of many intransitive verbs) to have (done something).
Sawi
Interjection
es
at once
Uvur haramavimaken, du famud, es! — The tide is about to turn; cook the sago at once!
enough
References
Spanish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈes/, [ˈes]
Etymology 1
From Latinest, from Proto-Italic*est, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁ésti. Cognate with Sanskritअस्ति(ásti), Englishis.
Verb
es
Formal second-person singular (usted) present indicative form of ser.
Third-person singular (él, ella, also used with usted?) present indicative form of ser; (he/she/it/one) is
Etymology 2
Noun
es
plural of e
Tocharian A
Etymology
From Proto-Tocharian*ānse, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂ṓms-o-s, a form of *h₂ṓms. Compare Tocharian Bāntse.
Noun
es
shoulder
bough, limb (of a tree)
branch of a particular matter
Welsh
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /eːs/
Verb
es
(colloquial)first-person singular preterite of mynd