(Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ĭn, IPA(key): /ɪn/
(General New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɘn/
(unstressed)
(Received Pronunciation) enPR: ĭn, IPA(key): /ɪn/
(General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ən, IPA(key): /ən/
(General New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɘn/
Rhymes: -ɪn
Homophone: inn
Etymology 1
Preposition and verb from Middle Englishin, from Old Englishin, from Proto-Germanic*in (whence Germanin, Dutchin, Danish and Norwegiani), from Proto-Indo-European*h₁én, whence also Latinin, Irishi, Welshyn, Ancient Greekἐν(en) (modern Greekεν(en)), Old Armenianի(i), Old Church Slavonicвъ(н)(vŭ(n)), Russianв(v), Old Prussianen, Lithuanianį.
Adverb, noun and adjective from Middle Englishin, from Old Englishinn and inne.
Alternative forms
i' (colloquial, poetic)
Preposition
in
Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial, temporal or other limits.
Contained by.
Within the bounds or limits of.
Surrounded by; among; amidst.
Wearing (an item of clothing).
I glanced over at the pretty girl in the red dress.
Part of; a member of; out of; from among.
During (a period of time).
Within (a certain elapsed time); by the end of.
At the end of (a period of time).
(grammar, phonetics) Characterized by.
Into.
Used to indicate limit, qualification, condition, or circumstance.
1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 4
In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.
Indicating an order or arrangement.
Denoting a state of the subject.
Indicates, connotatively, a place-like form of someone's (or something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics.
Pertaining to; with regard to.
Used to indicate means, medium, format, genre, or instrumentality.
(of something offered or given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.
Her generosity was rewarded in the success of its recipients.
[…] tourists sometimes attempt to pay in euros or British pounds.
Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.
Hyponyms
in-memory
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations
See in/translations § Preposition.
Verb
in (third-person singular simple presentins, present participleinning, simple past and past participleinned)
(obsolete, transitive) To enclose.
(obsolete, transitive) To take in; to harvest.
Adverb
in (not comparable)
At or towards the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.
Towards the speaker or other reference point.
They flew in from London last night.
For six hours the tide flows in, then for another six hours it flows out.
So as to be enclosed or surrounded by something.
Bring the water to the boil and drop the vegetables in.
After the beginning of something.
The show still didn't become interesting 20 minutes in.
(in combination, after a verb)Denotes a gathering of people assembled for the stated activity, sometimes, though not always, suggesting a protest.
sing-in, pray-in, hug-in; see also be-in, love-in, sit-in, teach-in.
Translations
Noun
in (pluralins)
A position of power or influence, or a way to get it.
(chiefly in the plural) One who, or that which, is in; especially, one who is in office.
Antonym:out
1827, Benjamin Chew, A Sketch of the Politics, Relations, and Statistics, of the Western World (page 192)
This memoir has nothing to do with the question between the ins and the outs; it is intended neither to support nor to assail the administration; it is general in its views upon a general and national subject; […]
(sports) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting; see innings.
A re-entrant angle; a nook or corner.
Antonyms
out
Translations
Adjective
in (comparativemore in, superlativemost in)
(not comparable) Located indoors, especially at home or at one's office or place of work.
(not comparable) Located inside something.
Little by little I pushed the snake into the basket, until finally all of it was in.
(sports, of the ball or other playing implement) Falling or remaining within the bounds of the playing area.
If the tennis ball bounces on the line then it's in.
Inserted or fitted into something.
Having been collected or received.
The replies to the questionnaires are now all in.
In fashion; popular.
Incoming.
(nautical, of the sails of a vessel) Furled or stowed.
Of the tide, at or near its highest level.
You can't get round the headland when the tide's in.
(law) With privilege or possession; used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin.
(Can we find and add a quotation of Burrill to this entry?)
(cricket) Currently batting.
Having familiarity or involvement with somebody.
He is very in with the Joneses.
(informal) Having a favourable position, such as a position of influence or expected gain, in relation to another person.
I think that bird fancies you. You're in there, mate!
Translations
Etymology 2
Noun
in (pluralinsorin)
Abbreviation of inch; inches.
References
Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8
Anagrams
N.I., NI, ni
Abinomn
Pronoun
in
he; she
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutchin.
Adverb
in
in; inside; within
Preposition
in
in
into
Ayomán
Noun
in
water
References
Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)
Baure
Noun
in
water
References
Swintha Danielsen, Baure: An Arawak Language of Bolivia
Chamorro
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /in/
Pronoun
in
we (exclusive)
Usage notes
in is used solely as a subject of a transitive verb, while ham is used either as a subject of an intransitive verb or an object of a transitive verb.
See also
References
Donald M. Topping (1973) Chamorro Reference Grammar[2], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Chinese
Chuukese
Noun
in
mother
Cimbrian
Etymology 1
From Middle High Germanin, from Old High Germanin, from Proto-Germanic*in(“in”). Cognate with Germanin, Englishin.
Preposition
in
(Luserna, + dative) in
Alternative forms
inn (Sette Comuni)
Etymology 2
From Middle High Germanin, from Old High Germaninan. Cognate with Germanihn.
Pronoun
in
(Sette Comuni)accusative of èar: him
Alternative forms
en
See also
Etymology 3
Article
in
(Sette Comuni, Luserna) the; definite article for two declensions:
accusative singular masculine
dative plural
See also
References
“in” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
“in” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Classical Nahuatl
Article
in
the
Pronoun
in, īn
(demonstrative) this; these
Related terms
on
Derived terms
inin
inon
References
Michel Launey; Christopher Mackay (2011) An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, pages Loc 1408
Danish
Adjective
in (neuterin, plural and definite singular attributivein)
(colloquial)fashionable, in
Antonyms
yt
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutchin, from Old Dutchin, from Proto-Germanic*in, from Proto-Indo-European*en.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɪn/
Rhymes: -ɪn
Adverb
in
in, inside
(postpositional) into
Preposition
in
in; expressing containment.
Inflection
Synonyms
binnen
Antonyms
uit
buiten
Descendants
Afrikaans: in
Derived terms
Adjective
in (used only predicatively, not comparable)
in style
Verb
in
first-person singular present indicative of innen
imperative of innen
Emilian
Etymology
From Latininde(“thence”). Cognate with Catalanen, Frenchen, Italianne.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /in/
Hyphenation: in
Pronoun
in (adverbial)
(genitive case) of it, of them
(genitive case) about it, about them
(ablative case) from here
Alternative forms
Becomes n- before a vowel (proclitic).
Becomes -en when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).
Becomes -n when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).
Friulian
Etymology
From Latinin, from Proto-Italic*en, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁én(“in”).
Preposition
in
in
German
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ʔɪn/
Etymology 1
From Old High Germanin, from Proto-Germanic*in, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁én. Cognate with Englishin.
Preposition
in
(with dative)in, within, at, to, (contained by; within)
(with dative)in(pertaining to)
(with dative)in, at, by (at the end of or during a period of time)
(with accusative) into, to (going inside (of))
Usage notes
The preposition in is used with accusative case if the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with dative case if the verb shows location.
Derived terms
(in + dem) im m or n
(in + das) ins n
in der Zwickmühle stecken
Etymology 2
Contraction
in
(dated)Contraction of in den.
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Englishin.
Adjective
in (not comparable)
in, popular (in fashion)
Declension
Gothic
Romanization
in
Romanization of 𐌹𐌽
Interlingua
Preposition
in
in
Irish
Preposition
in (plus dative, triggers eclipsis)
Alternative form of i
Usage notes
This variant of i is used before vowel-initial words, before bhur(“your pl”), before dhá(“two”), before titles of books, films, and the like, and before foreign words that resist mutation.
In older texts, the n is spelled together with a vowel-initial word (e.g. i n-aice le instead of modern in aice le(“beside”) and i nÉirinn or i n-Éirinn instead of modern in Éirinn(“in Ireland”). Also in older texts, in bhur may be spelled i nbhur.
Istriot
Etymology
From Latinin.
Preposition
in
in; on
1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
Cume li va puleîto in alto mare!
How they row well on the high seas!
Italian
Etymology
From Latinin.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈin/, [ˈin̺]
Preposition
in
in
to
into
by
on
Usage notes
When followed by the definite article, in is combined with the article to produce the following combined forms:
Anagrams
ni
Japanese
Romanization
in
Rōmaji transcription of いん
Ladin
Preposition
in
in
Latin
Alternative forms
en, endo, indu (ante-classical)
Etymology
From earlier en, from Proto-Italic*en, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁én(“in”).
Pronunciation
(Classical) IPA(key): /in/, [ɪn]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /in/
Preposition
in (+ ablative), in (+ accusative), dative
(+ ablative) in, at, on, upon, from (space)
29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt
So far does every species on earth of man and beast, whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged, collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
Seneca
venenum in auro bibitur
Poison is drunk from a gold cup.
(+ dative) within, while in (time)
(+ accusative) into, to
29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt
So far does every species on earth of man and beast, whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged, collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
(+ accusative) about
(+ accusative) according to
(+ accusative) against
Antonyms
ex
Derived terms
Descendants
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:in.
Ligurian
Etymology 1
From Latinin.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /iŋ/
Preposition
in
in
Synonyms
inte
Etymology 2
With iotacism, from un(“a, an”, indefinite article).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /in/
Article
in
a, an (male)
Usage notes
This form is found:
in sentence-initial position, or after a punctuation mark
after words ending in /ŋ/
Mapudungun
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian*(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian*(i-)ni.
Pronoun
in
this (thing close to us both)
demonstrative, first person inclusive singular
Etymology 4
Alternative forms
-in
Preposition
in
of
from
for
References
Marshallese–English Online Dictionary
Middle Dutch
Etymology 1
From Old Dutchin, from Proto-Germanic*in.
Preposition
in [+accusative or dative]
in, inside, within
into
within (a time period)
in (a condition)
Descendants
Dutch: in
Afrikaans: in
Limburgish: in
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Contraction
in
Contraction of ic ne.
Further reading
“in”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929) , “in (VI)”, in Middelniederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page VI
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old Englishinn.
Alternative forms
inn, inne, ine, yn, ynne
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /in/
Noun
in (pluralinnes)
Any kind of accomodation; particularly:
A holiday home or guesthouse; a house set up as accomodation.
An inn or hostel; a building with multiple rooms to let.
A camp used by an army; barracks.
A home or house; habitation or housing one lives in.
A dormitory; housing for students.
Descendants
English: inn
Scots: inn
References
“in (n.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-02.
Etymology 2
From Old Englishin, from Proto-Germanic*in, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁én.
Alternative forms
ine, i, yn, yne, en, i, an, y
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /in/, /iː/, /i/, /ən/
Preposition
in
in; with the following special senses:
in, inside; encircled or confined by, with the following special senses:
inside, within (a text or document)
inside, within (one's mind)
inside, in, indoors of.
amongst, in a crowd of.
wearing, having on, clad in
in a quality or mode: with the following special senses:
affected by, under the influence of.
held by someone, in someone's grasp
owned by someone, in someone's control
inside, at or on a location or place.
secured with; bound with
in the midst of, while, currently doing
in (pieces or portions), into.
about; of, on the matter of.
in the form, way, or manner of.
on, above, on top of.
facing at, in the direction of.
Being one of a set or group.
Being owned by; in one's possession.
due to, as, for the reason that.
versus; in conflict with; fighting with.
using, utilising, with the means of.
(rare) with, in the company of.
Usage notes
in is usually postpositive in Middle English. For example, the previous sentence would be in is after þe noun lome Middel Englisch in.
Related terms
in-
in-to
inward
inwit
inwith
Descendants
English: in
Scots: in, i, i'
References
“in (prep.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.
Etymology 3
From Old Englishinne, from Proto-Germanic*inna.
Alternative forms
inne, yne, yn, hyn
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /in/
Adverb
in
in; with the following special senses:
in, inside; encircled or confined by.
inside, in, in the centre of.
in a quality or mode.
in towards, in the direction of.
on, on top of; above
using, utilising, with the means of.
Descendants
English: in
Scots: in
References
“in (adv.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.
Etymology 4
Pronoun
in
Alternative form of hine
References
“hine, (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 8 May 2018.
Min Nan
Mohegan-Pequot
Noun
in
man (adult male)
References
A Vocabulary of Mohegan-Pequot (John D. Prince, Frank G. Speck)
Northern Sami
Pronunciation
(Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈin/
Verb
in
first-person singular present of ii
Norwegian Bokmål
Alternative forms
inn(adjective)
Etymology
From Englishin
Adjective
in (singular and pluralin)
popular
References
“in” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Anagrams
ni
Norwegian Nynorsk
Alternative forms
inn(adjective)
Etymology
From Englishin
Adjective
in (singular and pluralin)
popular
References
“in” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Anagrams
ni
Novial
Preposition
in
in
Old English
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic*in, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁én.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /in/
Preposition
in(Anglian)
in
Synonyms
on
Derived terms
inlīċ
inlīċe
Descendants
Middle English: in
English: in
Scots: in
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic*inn.
Adverb
in
Alternative form of inn
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic*in, whence also Old Englishin, Old Norseí. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European*h₁én.
Preposition
in
in
Descendants
Middle High German: in
Bavarian: i
Cimbrian: inn, in
Central Franconian: en, ön, on
German: in
Luxembourgish: an
Rhine Franconian: in, en
Pennsylvania German: in
Yiddish: אין (in)
Old Irish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic*sindos(“this”), from Proto-Indo-European*sḗm(“one”) or *só(“this”); weak doublet of sin(“this”).
Article
in
the (masculine singular nominative/accusative; feminine singular accusative; masculine/feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative/genitive)
c.800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
"The spirit now quickens the body."
Alternative spelling of ind
c.800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
"The spirit now quickens the body."
Usage notes
Triggers nasalization of the following noun in the masculine and feminine singular accusative.
Triggers lenition of the following noun as an alternative spelling of ind.
Declension
Synonyms
int(masculine singular nominative, used before a vowel)
Derived terms
insin
inso
Descendants
Irish: an
Scottish Gaelic: an
Manx: yn
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Particle
in(triggers eclipsis)
interrogative particle forming yes-no questions
Verb
in (triggers eclipsis)
third-person singular present indicative interrogative of is: is...?
Etymology 3
Preposition
in
Alternative form of i(“in”)(often before cach, cech(“each, every”) and for(“your pl”))
Etymology 4
Probably originally the masculine/neuter dative singular of the definite article (see Etymology 1); compare Middle Welsh and Welshyn.
Particle
in
Used with the masculine/neuter dative singular of an adjective to form the corresponding adverb: -ly
c.800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 30a3
References
Old Norse
Article
in
inflection of inn:
feminine nominative singular
neuter nominative/accusative plural
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic*in, whence also Old High Germanin, Old Englishin, Old Norseí. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European*h₁én.
Preposition
in
in
Pennsylvania German
Preposition
in
in
Portuguese
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Latinin(“in”). Doublet of em.
Preposition
in
found in the given reference
Related terms
em
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Englishin.
Adjective
in (invariable, comparable)
in fashion
Synonyms
na moda
Romanian
Etymology
From Latinlīnum(“flax”), from Proto-Indo-European*līno-.
Noun
inn (pluralinuri)
flax
Declension
Related terms
inar
ie
Romansch
Alternative forms
(Sutsilvan, Surmiran)egn
(Puter, Vallader)ün
Etymology
From Latinūnus.
Article
inm (feminineina)
(Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) a, an
Number
inm (feminineina)
(Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) one
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic*i (from Proto-Indo-European*éy) and an emphasising particle *no.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /in/
Conjunction
in
and
Synonyms
i(dialectal)
Swedish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɪn/
Adverb
in
into, the direction "from out to in"
Antonyms
ut
See also
inne
Anagrams
ni
Turkish
Etymology
From Proto-Turkic*in(“lair, burrow”). Cognate with Kazakhін(in).
Noun
in (definite accusativeini, pluralinler)
lair, den, burrow
cave
Declension
Verb
in
second-person singular imperative of inmek
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
(Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔin˧˧]
(Huế) IPA(key): [ʔin˧˧]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɨn˧˧]
Etymology 1
Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese印(“to print”, SV: ấn).
Verb
in
to print
Derived terms
máy in(“printer”)
in ấn(“printing”)
Etymology 2
Adjective
in
(only in compounds) perfectly fitted
Derived terms
Volapük
Preposition
in
in
Welsh
Alternative forms
i ni
inni
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɪn/
Pronoun
in
(literary)first-person plural of i
West Frisian
Etymology
Shortened from ien(“one”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ən/
Determiner
in
a, an; indefinite article
Further reading
“in (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011