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I1N1

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I1N1

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IN 2 

Definitions and meaning of in

in

Pronunciation

  • (stressed)
    • (Received Pronunciation, General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ĭn, IPA(key): /ɪn/
    • (General New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɘn/
  • (unstressed)
    • (Received Pronunciation) enPR: ĭn, IPA(key): /ɪn/
    • (General American, Canada, General Australian) enPR: ən, IPA(key): /ən/
    • (General New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɘn/
  • Rhymes: -ɪn
  • Homophone: inn

Etymology 1

From Middle English in, from Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in (whence German in, Dutch in, Danish and Norwegian i), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én, whence also Latin in, Irish i, Welsh yn, Ancient Greek ἐν (en) (modern Greek εν (en)), Old Armenian ի (i), Old Church Slavonic въ(н) (vŭ(n)), Russian в (v), Old Prussian en, Lithuanian į.

Preposition

in

  1. Used to indicate location, inclusion, or position within spatial, temporal or other limits.
    1. Contained by.
    2. Within the bounds or limits of.
    3. Surrounded by; among; amidst.
    4. Part of; a member of; out of; from among.
    5. Pertaining to; with regard to.
    6. During (a period of time).
    7. Within a certain elapsed time; by the end of.
    8. At the end of a period of time.
    9. (grammar, phonetics) Characterized by.
  2. Into.
  3. Used to indicate limit, qualification, condition, or circumstance.
    • 1898, J. Meade Falkner, Moonfleet Chapter 4
      In returning to the vault, I had no very sure purpose in mind; only a vague surmise that this finding of Blackbeard's coffin would somehow lead to the finding of his treasure.
    1. Indicating an order or arrangement.
    2. Denoting a state of the subject.
    3. Indicates, connotatively, a place-like form of someone's (or something's) personality, as his, her or its psychic and physical characteristics.
    4. Wearing (an item of clothing).
      I glanced over at the pretty girl in the red dress.
  4. Used to indicate means, medium, format, genre, or instrumentality.
    1. (of something offered or given in an exchange) In the form of, in the denomination of.
      Her generosity was rewarded in the success of its recipients.
      • 2014, Carla Bethmann, Clean, Friendly, Profitable?: Tourism, page 114:
        […] tourists sometimes attempt to pay in euros or British pounds.
    2. Used to indicate a language, script, tone, etc. of a text, speech, etc.
Hyponyms
  • in-memory
Derived terms
Related terms
Translations

Verb

in (third-person singular simple present ins, present participle inning, simple past and past participle inned)

  1. (obsolete, transitive) To enclose.
  2. (obsolete, transitive) To take in; to harvest.

Etymology 2

From Middle English in, from Old English inn and inne.

Adverb

in (not comparable)

  1. (not comparable) Located indoors, especially at home or the office, or inside something.
  2. Moving to the interior of a defined space, such as a building or room.
  3. (sports) Still eligible to play, e.g. able to bat in cricket and baseball.
  4. (Britain) Abbreviation of in aid of.
  5. After the beginning of something.
Translations

Noun

in (plural ins)

  1. A position of power or a way to get it.
  2. (sports) The state of a batter/batsman who is currently batting – see innings
  3. A re-entrant angle; a nook or corner.
Antonyms
  • out
Translations

Adjective

in (comparative more in, superlative most in)

  1. In fashion; popular.
  2. Incoming.
  3. (nautical, of the sails of a vessel) Furled or stowed.
  4. (law) With privilege or possession; used to denote a holding, possession, or seisin.
    (Can we find and add a quotation of Burrill to this entry?)
  5. (cricket) Currently batting.
  6. Having familiarity or involvement with somebody.
Translations

Etymology 3

Noun

in (plural ins or in)

  1. Abbreviation of inch; inches.

References

  • Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, "Bounded landmarks", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8

Anagrams

  • N.I., NI, ni

Abinomn

Pronoun

in

  1. he; she

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch in.

Adverb

in

  1. in; inside; within

Preposition

in

  1. in
  2. into

Ayomán

Noun

in

  1. water

References

  • Luis Oramas, Materiales para el estudio de los dialectos Ayamán, Gayón, Jirajara, Ajagua (1916)

Baure

Noun

in

  1. water

References

  • Swintha Danielsen, Baure: An Arawak Language of Bolivia

Chinese

Chuukese

Noun

in

  1. mother

Cimbrian

Etymology 1

From Middle High German in, from Old High German inan. Cognate with German ihn.

Pronoun

in

  1. (Sette Comuni) accusative of èar: him
Alternative forms
  • en

See also

Etymology 2

Article

in

  1. (Sette Comuni) the; definite article for two declensions:
    1. dative singular masculine
    2. dative plural

See also

References

  • “in” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Classical Nahuatl

Article

in

  1. the

Pronoun

in, īn

  1. (demonstrative) this; these

Related terms

  • on

Derived terms

  • inin
  • inon

References

  • Michel Launey; Christopher Mackay (2011) An Introduction to Classical Nahuatl, Amazon Kindle: Cambridge University Press, pages Loc 1408

Danish

Adjective

in (neuter in, plural and definite singular attributive in)

  1. (colloquial) fashionable, in

Antonyms

  • yt

Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *en.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪn/
  • Rhymes: -ɪn

Adverb

in

  1. in, inside
  2. (postpositional) into

Preposition

in

  1. in; expressing containment.

Inflection

Synonyms

  • binnen

Antonyms

  • uit
  • buiten

Derived terms

Adjective

in (used only predicatively, not comparable)

  1. in style

Verb

in

  1. first-person singular present indicative of innen
  2. imperative of innen

Emilian

Etymology

From Latin inde (“thence”). Cognate with Catalan en, French en, Italian ne.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /in/
  • Hyphenation: in

Pronoun

in (adverbial)

  1. (genitive case) of it, of them
  2. (genitive case) about it, about them
  3. (ablative case) from here

Alternative forms

  • Becomes n- before a vowel (proclitic).
  • Becomes -en when acting as an enclitic (after a consonant).
  • Becomes -n when acting as an enclitic (after a vowel).

Friulian

Etymology

From Latin in, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Preposition

in

  1. in

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʔɪn/

Etymology 1

From Old High German in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én. Cognate with English in.

Preposition

in

  1. (with dative) in, within, at, to, (contained by; within)
  2. (with dative) in (pertaining to)
  3. (with dative) in (at the end of or during a period of time)
  4. (with accusative) into (going inside (of))
Usage notes

The preposition in is used with accusative case if the verb shows movement from one place to another, whereas it is used with dative case if the verb shows location.

Derived terms
  • (in + dem) im m or n
  • (in + das) ins n
  • in der Zwickmühle stecken

Etymology 2

Contraction

in

  1. (dated) Contraction of in den.

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English in.

Adjective

in (not comparable)

  1. in, popular (in fashion)
Declension

Gothic

Romanization

in

  1. Romanization of 𐌹𐌽

Interlingua

Preposition

in

  1. in

Irish

Preposition

in (plus dative, triggers eclipsis)

  1. Alternative form of i

Usage notes

This variant of i is used before vowel-initial words, before bhur (“your pl”), before dhá (“two”), before titles of books, films, and the like, and before foreign words that resist mutation.

In older texts, the n is spelled together with a vowel-initial word (e.g. i n-aice le instead of modern in aice le (“beside”) and i nÉirinn or i n-Éirinn instead of modern in Éirinn (“in Ireland”). Also in older texts, in bhur may be spelled i nbhur.

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin in.

Preposition

in

  1. in; on
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
      Cume li va puleîto in alto mare!
      How they row well on the high seas!

Italian

Etymology

From Latin in, from Old Latin en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈin/, [ˈin̺]

Preposition

in

  1. in
  2. to
  3. into
  4. by
  5. on

Usage notes

  • When followed by the definite article, in is combined with the article to produce the following combined forms:

Anagrams

  • ni

Japanese

Romanization

in

  1. Rōmaji transcription of いん

Ladin

Preposition

in

  1. in

Latin

Alternative forms

  • endo, indu (Old Latin)

Etymology

From Old Latin en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”). Cognates include Ancient Greek ἐν (en), Old Prussian en and Old English in (English in).

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /in/, [ɪn̪]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /in/

Preposition

in (+ accusative, ablative)

  1. (+ ablative) in, at, on, upon, from (space)
    • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
      omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
      et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
      in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt
      So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
      whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
      collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
    • Seneca
      venenum in auro bibitur
      Poison is drunk from a gold cup.
  2. (+ dative) within, while in (time)
  3. (+ accusative) into, to
    • 29 bc. Vergil. Georgics, III
      omne adeo genvs in terris hominvmqve ferarvmqve
      et genvs æqvorevm pecvdes pictæqve volvcres
      in fvrias ignemqve rvvnt
      So far does every species on earth of man and beast,
      whether the aquatic species, livestock, or painted-winged,
      collapse into the frenzies and the fire.
  4. (+ accusative) about
  5. (+ accusative) according to
  6. (+ accusative) against

Antonyms

  • ex

Derived terms

Descendants

Quotations

  • For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:in.

Ligurian

Etymology 1

From Latin in, from Old Latin en, from Proto-Italic *en, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én (“in”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /iŋ/

Preposition

in

  1. in
Synonyms
  • inte

Etymology 2

With iotacism, from un (“a, an”, indefinite article).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /in/

Article

in

  1. a, an (male)
Usage notes
  • This form is found:
    • in sentence-initial position, or after a punctuation mark
    • after words ending in /ŋ/

Mapudungun

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Verb

in (using Raguileo Alphabet)

  1. To eat.
  2. first-person singular realis form of in

See also

  • kofketun
  • ilotun

References

  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Marshallese

Pronunciation

  • (phonetic) IPA(key): [inʲ]
  • (phonemic) IPA(key): /jinʲ/
  • Bender phonemes: {yin}

Etymology 1

Preposition

in

  1. to

Etymology 2

Noun

in

  1. a grass skirt

Synonyms

  • ōr

Etymology 3

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *(i-)ni, from Proto-Austronesian *(i-)ni.

Pronoun

in

  1. this (thing close to us both)
  2. demonstrative, first person inclusive singular

Etymology 4

Alternative forms

  • -in

Preposition

in

  1. of
  2. from
  3. for

References

  • Marshallese–English Online Dictionary

Middle Dutch

Etymology 1

From Old Dutch in, from Proto-Germanic *in.

Preposition

in [+accusative or dative]

  1. in, inside, within
  2. into
  3. within (a time period)
  4. in (a condition)
Descendants
  • Dutch: in
  • Limburgish: in

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the main entry.

Contraction

in

  1. Contraction of ic ne.

Further reading

  • “in”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
  • Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “in (VI)”, in Middelniederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page VI

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English inn.

Alternative forms

  • inn, inne, ine, yn, ynne

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /in/

Noun

in (plural innes)

  2. Any kind of accomodation; particularly:
    1. A holiday home or guesthouse; a house set up as accomodation.
    2. An inn or hostel; a building with multiple rooms to let.
    3. A camp used by an army; barracks.
  3. A home or house; habitation or housing one lives in.
  4. A dormitory; housing for students.
Descendants
  • English: inn
  • Scots: inn
References
  • “in (n.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-02.

Etymology 2

From Old English in, from Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

Alternative forms

  • ine, i, yn, yne, en, i, an, y

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /in/, /iː/, /i/, /ən/

Preposition

in

  2. in; with the following special senses:
    1. in, inside; encircled or confined by, with the following special senses:
      1. inside, within (a text or document)
      2. inside, within (one's mind)
      3. inside, in, indoors of.
      4. amongst, in a crowd of.
    2. wearing, having on, clad in
    3. in a quality or mode: with the following special senses:
      1. affected by, under the influence of.
      2. held by someone, in someone's grasp
      3. owned by someone, in someone's control
    4. inside, at or on a location or place.
    5. secured with; bound with
    6. in the midst of, while, currently doing
    7. in (pieces or portions), into.
    8. about; of, on the matter of.
  3. in the form, way, or manner of.
  4. on, above, on top of.
  5. facing at, in the direction of.
  6. Being one of a set or group.
  7. Being owned by; in one's possession.
  8. due to, as, for the reason that.
  9. versus; in conflict with; fighting with.
  10. using, utilising, with the means of.
  11. (rare) with, in the company of.
Usage notes

in is usually postpositive in Middle English. For example, the previous sentence would be in is after þe noun lome Middel Englisch in.

Related terms
  • in-
  • in-to
  • inward
  • inwit
  • inwith
Descendants
  • English: in
  • Scots: in, i, i'
References
  • “in (prep.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.

Etymology 3

From Old English inne, from Proto-Germanic *inna.

Alternative forms

  • inne, yne, yn, hyn

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /in/

Adverb

in

  2. in; with the following special senses:
    1. in, inside; encircled or confined by.
    2. inside, in, in the centre of.
    3. in a quality or mode.
  3. in towards, in the direction of.
  4. on, on top of; above
  5. using, utilising, with the means of.
Descendants
  • English: in
  • Scots: in
References
  • “in (adv.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-05-03.

Etymology 4

Pronoun

in

  1. Alternative form of hine

References

  • “hine, (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 8 May 2018.

Min Nan

Mohegan-Pequot

Noun

in

  1. man (adult male)

References

  • A Vocabulary of Mohegan-Pequot (John D. Prince, Frank G. Speck)

Northern Sami

Pronunciation

  • (Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈin/

Verb

in

  1. first-person singular present of ii

Novial

Preposition

in

  1. in

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *in, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /in/

Preposition

in (Anglian)

  1. in
Synonyms
  • on
Derived terms
  • inlīċ
  • inlīċe
Descendants
  • Middle English: in
    • English: in
    • Scots: in

Etymology 2

From Proto-Germanic *inn.

Adverb

in

  1. Alternative form of inn

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *in, whence also Old English in, Old Norse í. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

Preposition

in

  1. in

Descendants

  • Middle High German: in
    • Bavarian: i
    • Central Franconian: en, ön, on
    • Cimbrian: inn
    • German: in
    • Luxembourgish: an
    • Rhine Franconian: in, en
      • Pennsylvania German: in
    • Yiddish: אין‎ (in)

Old Irish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Celtic *sindos (“this”), from Proto-Indo-European *sḗm (“one”) or *só (“this”); weak doublet of sin (“this”).

Article

in

  1. the (masculine singular nominative/accusative; feminine singular accusative; masculine/feminine/neuter dual nominative/accusative/genitive)
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
      Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
      "The spirit now quickens the body."
  2. Alternative spelling of ind
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13d7
      Beóigidir in spirut in corp in ḟect so.
      "The spirit now quickens the body."
Usage notes
  • Triggers nasalization of the following noun in the masculine and feminine singular accusative.
  • Triggers lenition of the following noun as an alternative spelling of ind.
Declension
Synonyms
  • int (masculine singular nominative, used before a vowel)
Derived terms
  • insin
  • inso
Descendants
  • Irish: an
  • Scottish Gaelic: an
  • Manx: yn

Etymology 2

Particle

in (triggers eclipsis)

  1. interrogative particle

Verb

in (triggers eclipsis)

  1. third-person singular present indicative interrogative of is: is...?

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *in, whence also Old High German in, Old English in, Old Norse í. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁én.

Preposition

in

  1. in

Pennsylvania German

Preposition

in

  1. in

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin in (“in”). Doublet of em.

Preposition

in

  1. found in the given reference
Related terms
  • em

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English in.

Adjective

in (invariable, comparable)

  1. in fashion
Synonyms
  • na moda

Romanian

Etymology 1

From Latin līnum (“flax”), from Proto-Indo-European *līno-.

Noun

in n (plural inuri)

  1. flax

Declension

Related terms

  • inar
  • ie

Etymology 2

Misspelling of în

Romansch

Alternative forms

  • (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) egn
  • (Puter, Vallader) ün

Etymology

From Latin ūnus.

Article

in m (feminine ina)

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) a, an

Number

in m (feminine ina)

  1. (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) one

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *i (from Proto-Indo-European *éy) and an emphasising particle *no.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /in/

Conjunction

in

  1. and

Synonyms

  • i (dialectal)

Swedish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪn/

Adverb

in

  1. into, the direction "from out to in"

Antonyms

  • ut

See also

  • inne

Anagrams

  • ni

Turkish

Noun

in (definite accusative ini, plural inler)

  1. cave

Declension

Verb

in

  1. second-person singular imperative of inmek

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

  • (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [ʔin˧˧]
  • (Huế) IPA(key): [ʔin˧˧]
  • (Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [ʔɨn˧˧]

Etymology 1

Non-Sino-Vietnamese reading of Chinese 印 (“to print”; SV: ấn).

Verb

in

  1. to print

Derived terms

  • máy in (“printer”)
  • in ấn (“printing”)

Etymology 2

Adjective

in

  1. (only in compounds) perfectly fitted
Derived terms

Volapük

Preposition

in

  1. in

Welsh

Alternative forms

  • i ni
  • inni

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪn/

Pronoun

in

  1. (literary) first-person plural of i

West Frisian

Etymology

Shortened from ien (“one”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ən/

Determiner

in

  1. a, an; indefinite article

Further reading

  • “in (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011

Zou

Noun

in

  1. house

References

  • http://www.languageinindia.com/feb2013/zouphonologyfinal.pdf

Source: wiktionary.org
  • to take in e.g. harvest.
    (source: Collins Scrabble Dictionary)
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