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I1S1

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Definitions and meaning of is

is

Etymology 1

From Middle English is, from Old English is, from Proto-Germanic *isti (a form of Proto-Germanic *wesaną (“to be”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti (“is”). Cognate with West Frisian is (“is”), Dutch is (“is”), German ist (“is”), Afrikaans is (“am, are, is”) Old Swedish är, er, Old Norse er, es.

Pronunciation

  • (UK, US, Canada, General Australian) IPA(key): /ɪz/
  • (General New Zealand) IPA(key): /ɘz/
  • Rhymes: -ɪz

Verb

is

  1. Third-person singular simple present indicative form of be
    • 2012, Robert Moore, Where the Gold is Buried, a legend of Old Fort Niagara (→ISBN), page 137:
      "It's not two weeks yet," I reminded her, hoping that might somehow cheer her. [...] "Tomorrow is two weeks," Ruth said in a distant voice, staring into the flames.
  2. (now colloquial) Used in phrases with existential there when the semantic subject is a third-person plural.
Quotations
  • For quotations using this term, see Citations:is.
Alternative forms
  • ees
  • 's
  • iz
Synonyms
  • beeth (archaic)
  • bes (AAVE)
Derived terms
  • as-is

See also

Etymology 2

i +‎ -s.

Pronunciation

  • (UK, US) IPA(key): /aɪz/
  • Rhymes: -aɪz

Noun

is

  1. plural of i
    remember to dot your i's
Usage notes
  • There is some difference of opinion regarding the use of apostrophes in the pluralization of references to letters as symbols. New Fowler's Modern English Usage, after noting that the usage has changed, states on page 602 that "after letters an apostrophe is obligatory." The 15th edition of The Chicago Manual of Style states in paragraph 7.16, "To avoid confusion, lowercase letters ... form the plural with an apostrophe and an s". The Oxford Style Manual on page 116 advocates the use of common sense.

Anagrams

  • S. I., S.I., SI, Si, Si., si

Afar

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /is/

Pronoun

ís

  1. she
  2. thyself, yourself
    Synonym: isí
  3. himself, herself
    Synonym: isí
  4. (Awash) myself

See also

References

  • Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015) L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎[2], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /əs/

Verb

is

  1. am, are, is (present tense, all persons, plural and singular of wees, to be)
  2. Forms the perfect passive voice when followed by a past participle

Bagusa

Noun

is

  1. woman

References

  • Mark Donohue, Syntactic and Lexical Factors Conditioning the Diffusion of Sound Change, Oceanic Linguistics 44 (2005), page 428

Catalan

Noun

is

  1. plural of i

Cimbrian

Pronoun

is

  1. (Sette Comuni) Alternative form of es (“it”)

References

“is” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo

Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /iːs/
  • Rhymes: -iːs
  • Rhymes: -iːˀs

Noun

is c (singular definite isen, plural indefinite is)

  1. (uncountable) ice (water in frozen form)
  2. (uncountable) ice, ice cream (dessert, not necessarily containing cream)
  3. (countable) ice, ice cream (ice dessert on a stick or in a wafer cone)

Inflection

Dutch

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪs/

Verb

is

  1. third-person singular present indicative of zijn; is, equals
    Twaalf min drie is negen — twelve minus three equals nine

Adverb

is

  1. (informal, dialect) Misspelling of 's.

Anagrams

  • si

Gothic

Romanization

is

  1. Romanization of 𐌹𐍃

Hungarian

Etymology

Doublet of és (“and”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ ˈiʃ]
  • Rhymes: -iʃ

Adverb

is (not comparable) (clitic)

  1. also, too, as well
    Synonyms: szintén, ugyancsak, úgyszintén, éppúgy, szintúgy (formal; the others are relatively literary in style)
  2. even, up to, as much as, as long as
  3. (after an interrogative word) again (used in a question to ask something one has forgotten)

Derived terms

See also

  • egyaránt (equally, alike)

Irish

Etymology 1

From agus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪsˠ/, /sˠ/

Conjunction

is

  1. reduced form of agus (“and; as”)
    • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 1:
      wil nə fatī xō mŭȧ, s dūŕc šē?
      conventional orthography: An bhfuil na fataí chomh maith is dúirt sé?
      Are the potatoes as good as he said?
    • 1899, Franz Nikolaus Finck, Die araner mundart, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, vol. II, p. 1:
      ə ʒēĺǵə, l̄aurīr ə gūǵə mūn, ńī h-ønn̥̄ ī s ə ʒēlgə š agń̥ə
      conventional orthography: An Ghaeilge a labhraíthear i gCúige Mumhan, ní hionann í is an Ghaeilge seo againne.
      The Irish used in Munster isn’t the same as our Irish.

Etymology 2

From Old Irish is (“is”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɪsˠ/, /sˠ/ (before nouns and adjectives)
  • IPA(key): /ʃ/ (before the pronouns é, í, ea, iad)

Particle

is

  1. Present/future realis copula form
    (definition: predicate is indefinite)
    (identification: predicate is definite)
    (idiomatic noun predicate)
    (idiomatic adjective predicate)
    (compare Hiberno-English "'Tis I who saw him"; cleft sentence)
    (cleft sentence)
  2. Used to introduce the comparative/superlative form of adjectives
Usage notes
  • Used in the present and future for identification or definition of a subject as the person/object identified in the predicate of the sentence. Sometimes used with noun or adjective predicates, especially in certain fixed idiomatic phrases. Used to introduce cleft sentences, which are extremely common in Irish. It is not a verb.
  • The copula does not exist in the imperative and does not have a nominal form analogous to the verbal noun. The phrase bí i do (literally “be in your”) is used as the imperative instead (e.g. Bí i d’fhear! – “Be a man!” (lit. “Be in your man!”)), and equivalent non-copular nominal constructions must be used in place of their hypothetical copular equivalents: bheith ábalta (“to be able”, in place of the non-existent nominal form of is féidir), bheith ag iarraidh (“to want”, in place of the non-existent nominal form of is mian), bheith ina (“to be”, as with the imperative), etc.
  • In comparative/superlative formations, is is strictly speaking the relative of the copula, hence an buachaill is mó literally means "the boy who is biggest", i.e. "the biggest boy". The thing compared is introduced by ná (“than”).
Related terms

Kwerba

Noun

is

  1. woman

References

  • Mark Donohue, Syntactic and Lexical Factors Conditioning the Diffusion of Sound Change, Oceanic Linguistics 44 (2005), page 428 (used in both Kwerba proper and Anggreso Kwerba)

Lacandon

Etymology

From Proto-Mayan *iihs.

Noun

is

  1. sweet potato

Derived terms

References

  • Baer, Phillip; Baer, Mary; Chan Kꞌin, Manuel; Chan Kꞌin, Antonio (2018) Diccionaro maya lacandón (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas “Mariano Silva y Aceves”; 51)‎[3] (in Spanish), Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, A.C., pages 65–66

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *is, from Proto-Indo-European *éy.

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /is/, [ɪs̠]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /is/

Determiner

is (feminine ea, neuter id); demonstrative pronoun

  1. (Third-person singular pronoun) he, it (referring to masculine nouns)
    Is mihi rescripsit.
    He wrote back to me.
    Is amicus est vir bonus.
    This friend is a good man.
  2. (demonstrative) this or that man, this or that thing (pronoun referring to masculine nouns)
  3. (demonstrative) this, that (adjective)
Declension

Demonstrative pronoun.

Usage notes

Note that is, ea, id is a determiner that can function as a personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun or as a demonstrative adjective. The declensions are the exact same whether it functions as a personal pronoun or demonstrative pronoun/adjective.

Derived terms
  • idcircō
  • īdem
  • ideō
Related terms

See also

Etymology 2

Inflected form of eō (“go”).

Pronunciation

  • (Classical) IPA(key): /iːs/, [iːs̠]
  • (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /is/

Verb

īs

  1. second-person singular present active indicative of eō

References

  • is in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎[4], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • is in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia‎[5]
  • is in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • is in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly

Middle Dutch

Verb

is

  1. third-person singular present indicative of wēsen

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English īs, from Proto-Germanic *īsą; from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éyHsom (“ice”).

Alternative forms

  • ise, yes, yce, yys, ys, ijs, yse, ysz, hyse, hyys, ice, isse, ysse, yis

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /iːs/

Noun

is (uncountable)

  2. ice (frozen water):
    1. A layer of frozen water as a surface.
    2. (rare) An individual portion of ice.
  3. (rare, figurative) That which is short-lived like ice.
  4. (rare) icy conditions
Derived terms
  • isykle
  • Iseland
Descendants
  • English: ice
  • Scots: ice
References
  • “īs (n.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-15.

Etymology 2

From Old English is, third-person present singular of wesan (“to be”), from Proto-Germanic *isti, third-person present singular of *wesaną (“to be, become”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti.

Alternative forms

  • es, ys, us

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /is/

Verb

is

  2. Third-person singular present indicative form of been
    Synonym: bith
Descendants
  • English: is, 's
  • Scots: is

Etymology 3

Determiner

is

  1. Alternative form of his (“his”)

Pronoun

is

  1. Alternative form of his (“his”)

Etymology 4

Pronoun

is

  1. Alternative form of his (“her”)

Etymology 5

Pronoun

is

  1. Alternative form of his (“them”)

Etymology 6

Noun

is (plural isnes)

  1. Alternative form of iren (“iron”)

Navajo

Interjection

is

  1. as if, as if it were true, it could be, is it really?, what do you mean by that?, so you say expressing surprise

Usage notes

Usually spelled with the final letter repeated: iss, isss, issss.

Alternative forms

  • as
  • isdaʼ

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

Noun

is m (definite singular isen, indefinite plural is or iser, definite plural isene)

  1. (uncountable) ice, ice cream
  2. (countable) ice cream on a stick or cone.

Synonyms

  • iskrem (ice cream)

Derived terms

References

  • “is” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-. Akin to English ice.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /iːs/

Noun

is m (definite singular isen, indefinite plural isar, definite plural isane)

  1. ice
  2. ice cream

Synonyms

  • iskrem (ice cream)

Derived terms

References

  • “is” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Nyishi

Alternative forms

  • isi, esi

Etymology

From Proto-Tani *si, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *si.

Noun

is

  1. water

References

  • P. T. Abraham (2005) A Grammar of Nyishi Language‎[6], Delhi: Farsight Publishers and Distributors

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-, *ey-, *ī- (“ice, frost”). Cognate with Old Frisian īs (West Frisian iis), Old Saxon īs (Low German Ies), Dutch ijs, Old High German īs (German Eis), Old Norse íss (Danish and Swedish is), Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃 (eis). There are parallels in many Iranian languages, apparently from the same Indo-European root: Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬑𐬀‎ (aēxa, “frost, ice”), Persian یخ‎ (yax), Pashto جح‎ (jaḥ), Ossetian их (ix).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /iːs/

Noun

īs n

  1. ice
    • the Legend of St Andrew
  2. the runic character ᛁ (/i/ or /i:/)

Declension

Derived terms

  • īsċeald
  • īsiġ

Descendants

  • Middle English: is, ise, yes, yce, yys, ys, ijs, yse, ysz, hyse, hyys, ice, isse, ysse, yis
    • English: ice
    • Scots: ice

Old High German

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-. Compare Old Saxon īs, Old English īs, Old Norse íss, Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃 (eis).

Noun

īs

  1. ice

Descendants

  • Middle High German: īs
    • Alemannic German: Iis, Is, Isch
      Alsatian: Iis; Eis (northern)
      Italian Walser: isch, éisch
    • Bavarian: ais
      Cimbrian: ais
      Mòcheno: ais
    • Central Franconian: Eis, Ies
      Hunsrik: Eis
      Luxembourgish: Äis
    • German: Eis
    • Rhine Franconian:
      Frankfurt: [ais]
      Pennsylvania German: Eis
    • Vilamovian: ajs
    • Yiddish: אײַז‎ (ayz)

Old Irish

Alternative forms

  • iss

Etymology

The lemma is itself is from Proto-Celtic *esti, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésti; other forms are from either *h₁es- or *bʰuH-.

Verb

is

  1. to be
    • c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 14d26
      Is i persin Crist da·gníu-sa sin.
      It is in the person of Christ that I do that.

Usage notes

This is the so-called "copula", which is distinct from the "substantive verb" at·tá. The copula is used with noun predicates and to introduce a cleft sentence.

Conjugation

See {{sga-conj-is}} for the complete conjugation.

Synonyms

  • at·tá (substantive verb)

Derived terms

  • cesu (“although... is”)
  • condid (“so that... is”)
  • in (“is... ?”)
  • masu (“if... is”)
  • ní (“is not”)

Descendants

  • Irish: is
  • Manx: s’
  • Scottish Gaelic: is

Further reading

  • Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 is”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
  • Rudolf Thurneysen (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, §§ 791–818, pages 483–94
  • Holger Pedersen (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, pages 419–431

Old Saxon

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *it.

Pronoun

is (is)

  1. his, its
Declension

Etymology 2

Verb

is

  1. third-person singular present indicative of wesan

Etymology 3

From Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH- (“ice, frost”). Cognate with Old Frisian īs (West Frisian iis), Old English īs (English ice), Dutch ijs, Old High German īs (German Eis), Old Norse íss (Danish and Swedish is), Gothic 𐌴𐌹𐍃 (eis).

Noun

īs n

  1. ice
  2. The runic character ᛁ (/i/ or /i:/)
Declension


Descendants
  • Middle Low German: îs
    • Low German:
      • German Low German: Ies
        • Plautdietsch: Iess

Portuguese

Pronunciation

  • (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈis/
  • (Carioca) IPA(key): /ˈiʃ/

Noun

is

  1. plural of i
    • 2003, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e a Ordem da Fênix, Rocco, page 411:
      Se você pôs os pingos nos is e cortou os tês então pode fazer o que quiser!
      If you've dotted your I's and crossed your T's, then you can do whatever you want!

Scots

Adverb

is (not comparable)

  1. (South Scots) as

Synonyms

  • es

Conjunction

is

  1. (South Scots) as

Synonyms

  • es

Pronoun

is (personal, non-emphatic)

  1. (South Scots) me

See also

  • A
  • mei (emphatic variant)

Verb

is

  1. third-person singular simple present indicative form of be

See also

  • ir

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

  • 's

Etymology 1

Clipping of agus (“and”).

Conjunction

is

  1. and

Synonyms

  • agus

Etymology 2

From Old Irish is, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁es- (“to be”).

Verb

is

  1. am, are, is

Usage notes

  • This defective verb doesn't have the infinitive, future tense, subjunctive or conditional moods.
  • The dependent form, used after particles, is e.
  • Is is used when linking the subject of a sentence with an object ("somebody is somebody", "somebody is something", "something is something"), otherwise forms of the verb bi are used:

Derived terms

  • 's e
  • an e...?
  • bu
  • chan e
  • gur e

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse íss, from Proto-Germanic *īsą, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-.

Pronunciation

Noun

is c

  1. (uncountable) Ice; frozen water.
  2. (countable) Ice; a sheet of ice lying on a body of water.

Declension

Related terms

References

  • is in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)

Tok Pisin

Etymology

From English East.

Noun

is

  1. East

Turkish

Noun

is (definite accusative isi, plural isler)

  1. soot
  2. fume (solid deposit)
  3. kohl

Declension

Volapük

Adverb

is

  1. here

Welsh

Pronunciation

  • (standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /iːs/
    • (South Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /iːʃ/

Adjective

is

  1. comparative degree of isel: lower

Preposition

is

  1. lower than, under

Mutation


Source: wiktionary.org
  • BE, to exist.
    (source: Collins Scrabble Dictionary)
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