(of days of the week or months of the year) Closest in the past, or closest but one if the closest was very recent; of days, sometimes thought to specifically refer to the instance closest to seven days (one week) ago, or the most recent instance before seven days (one week) ago.
Usage notes
(both senses): This cannot be used in past or future tense to refer to a time immediately before the subject matter. For example, one does not say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well last night: last night in that sentence refers to the night before the speaker is speaking, not the night before the "yesterday" to which he refers. He would need to say I was very tired yesterday, due to not having slept well the night before or the like.
Translations
Adverb
last (not comparable)
Most recently.
(sequence) after everything else; finally
Synonyms
(after everything else):finally, lastly; see also Thesaurus:lastly
Translations
Etymology 2
From Middle Englishlasten, from Old Englishlǣstan, from Proto-West Germanic*laistijan, from Proto-Germanic*laistijaną. Cognate with Germanleisten(“yield”).
Verb
last (third-person singular simple presentlasts, present participlelasting, simple past and past participlelasted)
(intransitive) To endure, continue over time.
(intransitive) To hold out, continue undefeated or entire.
(intransitive, slang, of a man) To purposefully refrain from orgasm
(transitive, obsolete) To perform, carry out.
Synonyms
continue
endure
survive
Antonyms
disintegrate
dissipate
fall apart
wear out
Related terms
everlasting
lasting
Translations
Etymology 3
From Old Englishlǣste, Proto-Germanic*laistiz. Compare Swedishläst, GermanLeistenDutchleest, Proto-Germanic*laistaz(“footprint”).
Noun
last (plurallasts)
A tool for shaping or preserving the shape of shoes.
2006, Newman, Cathy, Every Shoe Tells a Story, National Geographic (September, 2006), 83,
How is an in-your-face black leather thigh-high lace-up boot with a four-inch spike heel like a man's black calf lace-up oxford? They are both made on a last, the wood or plastic foot-shaped form that leather is stretched over and shaped to make a shoe.
Derived terms
cobbler, keep to your last
stick to one's last
Translations
Verb
last (third-person singular simple presentlasts, present participlelasting, simple past and past participlelasted)
To shape with a last; to fasten or fit to a last; to place smoothly on a last.
Etymology 4
From Middle Englishlast, from Old Englishhlæst(“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Germanic*hlastuz(“burden, load, freight”), from Proto-Indo-European*kleh₂-(“to put, lay out”). Cognate with West Frisianlêst, Dutchlast, GermanLast, Swedishlast, Icelandiclest.
Noun
last (plurallastsorlasten)
(obsolete) A burden; load; a cargo; freight.
(obsolete) A measure of weight or quantity, varying in designation depending on the goods concerned.
(obsolete) An old English (and Dutch) measure of the carrying capacity of a ship, equal to two tons.
1942 (1601), T D Mutch, The First Discovery of Australia, page 14,
The tonnage of the Duyfken of Harmensz's fleet is given as 25 and 30 lasten.
A load of some commodity with reference to its weight and commercial value.
See laste(“to load, carry”) and laste(“to blame”).
Verb
last
imperative of laste
Further reading
last on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Dutch
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /lɑst/
Rhymes: -ɑst
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutchlast, from Old Dutch*last, from Proto-Germanic*hlastuz.
Noun
lastm (plurallasten, diminutivelastjen)
load, weight
burden
hindrance, problem
expense
(law) requirement, duty
(dated) A measure of volume, 3 cubic meter
Derived terms
belasten
lastdrager
last hebben van
lastpost
ten laste leggen
vaste last
Descendants
Negerhollands: last
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
last
inflection of lassen:
second/third-person singular present indicative
(archaic)plural imperative
Anagrams
stal
Estonian
Noun
last (genitivelasti, partitivelasti)
cargo
Declension
Noun
last
partitive singular of laps
Faroese
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /last/
Etymology 1
From Old Norselǫstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic*lahaną(“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High Germanlastar(“vice”).
Noun
lastf (genitive singularlastar, plurallastir)
vice
Inflection
Etymology 2
From Middle Low Germanlast, from the verb lāden(“to load”), from Old Saxonhladan.
Noun
lastf (genitive singularlastar, plurallastir)
cargo
cargo hold, hold (cargo area)
Inflection
German
Pronunciation
Verb
last
second-person singular/plural preterite of lesen
Icelandic
Etymology
See löstur(“fault, vice, reprehensible action”)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /last/
Rhymes: -ast
Noun
lastn (genitive singularlasts, no plural)
blame
Declension
Synonyms
(blame):baktal
Derived terms
guðlast(“blasphemy”)
Related terms
lasta(“to blame”)
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch*last, from Proto-Germanic*hlastuz.
Noun
lastm or f or n
load, weight
task, duty, obligation
tax (money)
(emotional) difficulty, sorrow
a unit of volume
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
Dutch: last
Limburgish: las
Further reading
“last”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “last”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology 1
From Middle Low Germanlast.
Noun
lastf or m (definite singularlastaorlasten, indefinite plurallaster, definite plurallastene)
a load or cargo
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Verb
last
imperative of laste
References
“last” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Middle Low Germanlast.
Noun
lastf or m (definite singularlastaorlasten, indefinite plurallasterorlastar, definite plurallasteneorlastane)
a load or cargo
Derived terms
References
“last” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic*laist, along with the feminine variant lǣst.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /lɑːst/
Noun
lāstm (nominative plurallāstas)
footstep, track
Declension
Derived terms
feorhlāst(“trail of blood”)
wræclāst(“path of exile”)
Related terms
lǣstan
lastword
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic*volstь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic*walˀstís, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂welh₁-.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /láːst/
Noun
lȃstf
property
Inflection
Further reading
“last”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Swedish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /last/
Etymology 1
From Middle Low Germanlast, from the verb lāden(“to load”), from Old Saxonhladan.
Noun
lastc
cargo
load; a burden
load; a certain amount that can be processed at one time
(engineering) load; a force on a structure
(electrical engineering) load; any component that draws current or power
Declension
Derived terms
See also
(cargo):lasta, lastbil
(habit):vana, ovana
Etymology 2
From Old Swedishlaster (Old Icelandic lǫstr), from Old Norselöstr, from the root of Proto-Germanic*lahaną(“to reproach, blame”), see also Old High Germanlastar(“vice”).