2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Bikol Central
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/, [n̪a]
Adverb
na (Basahan spellingᜈ)
already
yet (only in questions)
anymore
Particle
na (Basahan spellingᜈ)
connects consonant ending noun or adjective to a noun or adjective that it modifies
Synonym:-ng
Bilog na bulan ― Whole month
Phrase
na (Basahan spellingᜈ)
about to; bound to
Blagar
Etymology
From Proto-Trans-New Guinea*na. Cognate to Ziana.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /nɑ/
Pronoun
na
I
Noun
na
thing
References
H. Steinhauer, "Going" and "Coming" in the Blagar of Dolap (Pura--Alor--Indonesia) (1977)
W. A. L. Stokhof, Preliminary notes on the Alor and Pantar languages (East Indonesia) (1975)
A. Schapper, The Papuan Languages of Timor, Alor and Pantar: Volume 1
Cameroon Pidgin
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
Predicative
na
copula for nouns and adjectives
a topic marker introducing a clause to lay focus on a subject
Catalan
Etymology
From the final syllable of Latindomina(“Lady”).
Pronunciation
(Central) IPA(key): /nə/
(Valencian) IPA(key): /na/
Article
naf sg (elidedn', masculineen)
(Eastern)personal article used before feminine given names instead of the definite article la
Usage notes
While this article (and its masculine counterpart en) is standard in Balearic Catalan, in other Eastern Catalan dialects its use is waning, and the elided of the definite article, l', is used before names beginning with vowels. There is no plural personal article, so the plural definite article les is used in all dialects.
Related terms
dona
Cavineña
Noun
na
root of ena
References
Antoine Guillaume, A Grammar of Cavineña (2008, →ISBN
Central Huasteca Nahuatl
Pronoun
na
I
Chavacano
Etymology
From Portuguesena, contraction of em a.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/, [na]
Preposition
na
indirect object marker: to
Ya dale yo todos na mi amigo. ― I gave everything to my friend.
used to refer to the location of something or some action: in; on; at
Na Ciudad de Zamboanga ele nacido. ― He/she was born in Zamboanga City.
used to refer toward a location of something or some action: to; toward
used to refer to a time period: at; on; in; during (of a year, month, day of the week, time of day, etc.)
used to refer to a place of origin or where one comes from: from; of
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czechna, from Proto-Slavic*na.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈna]
Preposition
na
on, onto (direction, + accusative case)
Dej skleničku na stůl. ― Put the glass on the table.
on (location, + locative case)
Sklenička je na stole. ― The glass is on the table.
to (direction, + accusative case, used only with certain places (do + genitive is more common))
Jdeme na poštu. ― We're going to the post office.
at, in (location, + locative case, used only with certain places (v is more common))
Jsme na poště. ― We're at the post office.
for (purpose, + accusative case)
Ty nůžky nejsou na hraní. ― The scissors are not for playing with.
at (in the direction of, + accusative case)
Nekřič na mě! ― Don't yell at me!
Further reading
na in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
na in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Dalmatian
Etymology
From Latinnōn.
Adverb
na
no
not
Related terms
naun
non
Domari
Etymology
From Sanskritनव(nava).
Numeral
na
(Aleppo, cardinal number) nine
References
Bruno Herin (2012) “The Domari Language of Aleppo (Syria)”, in Linguistic Discovery[4], volume 10, number 2, →DOI
Drung
Etymology
From Proto-Sino-Tibetan*na-ŋ.
Pronoun
na
you (sg.)
References
Ross Perlin (2019) A Grammar of Trung[5], Santa Barbara: University of California
Dutch
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /naː/
Hyphenation: na
Rhymes: -aː
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutchna, from Old Dutch*nāh, *nā, from Proto-West Germanic*nāhw, from Proto-Germanic*nēhw.
Preposition
na
after
(op ... na, with a cardinal number) bar, except Used to form ordinal numbers in relation to a superlative quality. The number that is used is 1 lower than in the English translation.
Inflection
Derived terms
-verbs:
Descendants
Negerhollands: na, a
→ Virgin Islands Creole: na
Etymology 2
From Old Dutch*nāh, *nā, from Proto-Germanic*nēhwaz.
Adjective
na (comparativenader, superlativenaast)
close
Inflection
The forms of the positive are obsolescent, particularly the inflected one. The comparative and superlative forms are functioning as independent adjectives to an increasing extent.
Derived terms
nabij
te na komen
Etymology 3
Preposition
na
(dialectal)Archaic form of naar.
Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl
Pronoun
na
first person; I
See also
naha
Esperanto
Etymology
Presumably from Russianна(na) and Polishna; alternatively, from the accusative suffix -n (possibly a blend with the article la or with the suffix -a).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [na]
Audio:
Hyphenation: na
Preposition
na
(neologism, rare, nonstandard, proscribed)Preposition introducing an accusative phrase.
Mi legis naGerda Malaperis.
I read Gerda Disappeared.
Usage notes
Unofficial; it is recognized by some Esperantists on the Internet, but disapproved of by most high-level speakers. Proponents recommended using it only where the accusative suffix isn't possible: with numerals (unu(“one”)), particles (iom(“some”), kies(“whose”)), letters (J), titles of books, and quotations, etc. More standard options are to use the general preposition je, to omit the accusative ending, or to rephrase the sentence to avoid the issue.
Galician
Etymology 1
From contraction of preposition en(“in”) + feminine article a(“the”).
The n- forms of accusative third-person pronouns are used when the preceding word ends in -u or a diphthong, and are suffixed to the preceding word.
Related terms
a
la
no
German
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na(ː)/
Rhymes: -aː
Homophones: nah, Narr(latter regional)
Etymology 1
Perhaps from an unstressed form of nu.
Interjection
na
well!, so!; used to introduce a statement
oh, hm, huh, och, nu; expressing a (usually mild) degree of surprise, doubt, or frustration
(regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) huh?; used as a question marker, often implying that the speaker knows the answer
(regional, chiefly northern and central Germany) hey!, hi!; used as a greeting, but with an interrogative intonation, as if saying “So? You see me there?”, or “So? How is everything?”
Derived terms
na klar
na und
nanu
Etymology 2
A variant of nein.
Interjection
na
(regional, chiefly southern Germany and Austria)Alternative form of nein(“no”)
Anagrams
an
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology
From Portuguesena. Cognate with Kabuverdianuna.
Preposition
na
at
in
on
Hamap
Pronoun
na
I (first-person singular pronoun)
References
Ninuk Kleden-Probonegoro, The Ethnolinguistic Identity of the Hamap People in Change, page 198, 2008
Hawaiian
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/, [nə]
Preposition
na
for, belonging to, by
Usage notes
Used for acquired possessions, while no is used for possessions that are inherited, out of personal control, and for things that can be got into (houses, clothes, cars).
Hungarian
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈnɒ]
Rhymes: -nɒ
Interjection
na
well, so, hey
Na, nem baj. ― Well, no problem.
Itt van Péter. – Na és? ― “Peter is here.” “So what?”
Na, gyerünk! ― Alright, let's go!
Na, ne mondj ilyet! ― Hey, don't say that!
Na, ez fáj! ― Hey, that hurts!
Derived terms
(Compound words):
nahát
nana
naná
Further reading
na in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
Ingrian
Etymology
Borrowed from Russianна(na).
Pronunciation
(Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
(Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈnɑ/, [ˈnɑ]
Rhymes: -ɑ
Hyphenation: na
Interjection
na
here! there you go! (said when handing something over)
na in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
Lingala
Etymology
Of native Bobangi origin (compare Swahilina), but its functional broadening to "in, at" may be under the influence of West African languages; compare Igbona, Kriona.
Preposition
na
with, and
in, at
of (form of ya before personal pronouns)
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic*na.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
Preposition
na
(with locative) on, in
(with accusative) on, onto
Further reading
Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “na_2”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
Starosta, Manfred (1999) “na”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
Luganda
Conjunction
na
and (only used if the overall statement is grammatically negative)
See also
ne
References
The Essentials of Luganda, J. D. Chesswas, 4th edition. Oxford University Press: Nairobi. 1967, p. 94.
Macanese
Etymology 1
From Portuguesena, itself from Old Galician-Portuguesena. Semantically, compare Chavacanona.
Preposition
na
in
botâ na fólia ― to place in the newspaper
at
na casa ― at home
na festa ― at the party
on
estendê na chám ― to stretch on the ground
Usage notes
As grammatical gender is not differentiated in Macanese, na is invariable, and there is no alternative form *no.
Unlike the Chavacano term, the preposition does not bear the meaning of "to"; that function is fulfilled by pa.
Derived terms
têm na trâs di porta(“to be very near, to be just around the corner”)
Etymology 2
Possibly a reduced form of Portugueseainda.
Alternative forms
nâ
Adverb
na
still, yet
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Cantonese嗱(naa4).
Alternative forms
nâ, ná
Interjection
na
here!, here you go, here you are (offering something to the listener)
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Masurian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polishna.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈna]
Syllabification: na
Preposition
na
Denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
Denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
Denotes location with events; at [+locative]
Denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for, by [+accusative]
Denotes manner [+accusative] or [+adverb]
Denotes an instrument or tool [+locative] or [+accusative]
Denotes measure; by [+accusative]
Denotes result of actions [+accusative]
Denotes cause of action [+accusative]
Denotes aim of action [+accusative]
Denotes aim of action [+accusative]
Indicating the object of action, influence, state [+accusative]
Indicating a criterion for comparison or comparison and a point of reference by which something is distinguished [+accusative]
Denotes a color to which something is painted [+accusative] or [+adverb]
Interjection
na
take it! here!
Further reading
Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2021) “na”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur[9], volume 4, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 212
Middle Dutch
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /naː/
Etymology 1
From Old Dutchnāh, from Proto-Germanic*nēhw.
Preposition
na
towards
behind
after, following, later than
in accordance with, based on
Adverb
na
afterwards, later
close, near
Descendants
Dutch: na
Limburgish: nao
Etymology 2
From Old Dutch*nāh, from Proto-Germanic*nēhwaz.
Adjective
nâ
close
Inflection
This adjective needs an inflection-table template.
Further reading
“na (I)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
“na (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
“na (III)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “na (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I
Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “na (II)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page II
Mpade
Etymology
From Proto-Central Chadic*nɨh.
Verb
na
to ripen
References
S. Allison, Makary Kotoko Provisional Lexicon (SIL)
R.C. Gravina, The Phonology of Proto-Central Chadic
Neapolitan
Feminine form of nu, from Latinūnus.
Alternative forms
n'(before words starting with a vowel)
Etymology
From Latinūna.
Article
naf sg
a, an
Northern Kurdish
Etymology
From Proto-Iranian*ná, from Proto-Indo-Iranian*ná, from Proto-Indo-European*ne. Related to ne.
Pronunciation
Rhymes: -ɑː
Interjection
na
no
Northern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu*-nɪ̀a.
Verb
-na
to rain
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Northern Sami
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
(Kautokeino) IPA(key): /ˈna/
Adverb
na
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Further reading
Koponen, Eino, Ruppel, Klaas, Aapala, Kirsti, editors (2002–2008), Álgu database: Etymological database of the Saami languages[10], Helsinki: Research Institute for the Languages of Finland
Northern Sotho
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu*-nɪ̀a.
Verb
na
to rain
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norsehana, the accusative form of hon(“she”). Compare with Swedishna. The correct term in Norwegian Bokmål would be henne, and either ho or henne in Norwegian Nynorsk.
Pronoun
na
(dialectal, colloquial) her; object form of ho
Usage notes
It is almost without exceptions used as a clitic, and is always unstressed.
See also
a
hu
Ojibwe
Particle
na
Question marker for yes/no questions. It is always placed after the first word in the sentence. If the first word ends in a vowel, use the particle na; if it ends in a consonant, use ina.
Giminikwe na? — Are you drinking?
Gigii-anokii na bijiinaago? — Did you work yesterday?
but: Giwiisin ina? — Are you eating?
Synonyms
ina
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic*na.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): (13th CE)/ˈna/
IPA(key): (15th CE)/ˈna/
Preposition
na
on, onto (direction, + accusative case)
I přivedli oslici a oslátko s ní, i položichu na ně rúcha svá. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)
on (location, + locative case)
for (purpose, + accusative case)
at (in the direction of, + accusative case)
Descendants
Czech: na
Further reading
Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “na”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old English
Alternative forms
nō
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic*nai(“never”), equivalent to a contraction of ne(“not”) and ā(“ever”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /nɑː/
Adverb
nā
not
c. 990, Wessex Gospels, Matthew 22:17
c. 992, Ælfric, "The Fifth Sunday in Lent"
c. 995, Ælfric, Extracts on Grammar in English
no
late 10th century, Ælfric, "Saint Maur, Abbot"
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Version B, year 897
late 10th century, Ælfric, "Ash-Wednesday"
(poetic) never
Conjunction
nā
not
c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent"
Synonyms
(conjunction):næs
Derived terms
nā þæt
Descendants
English: no
Geordie English: ne, naw
Scots: nae, naw
See also
nān
nāwiht
ne
nese
Old Frisian
Etymology 1
From Proto-West Germanic*nai, equivalent to a blend of ne(“not”) + ā(“ever”). Akin to Old Englishnā.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈnaː/
Adverb
nā
never
Descendants
West Frisian: nea
Particle
nā
no
Descendants
Saterland Frisian: noa
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈnaː/
Preposition
nā (+ dative)
Alternative form of nēi
References
Bremmer, Rolf H. (2009) An Introduction to Old Frisian: History, Grammar, Reader, Glossary, Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, →ISBN
Old Irish
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /n͈a/
Article
na(triggers /h/-prothesis in the feminine genitive singular, in the feminine and neuter nominative plural, and in the accusative plural; triggers eclipsis in the genitive plural)
Aphetic form of inna(“the (various inflected forms)”)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /n͈a/
Determiner
na (‘his’ and ‘its’ trigger lenition, ‘her’ triggers /h/-prothesis, ‘their’ triggers eclipsis)
Aphetic form of inna(“in his/her/its/their”)
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /n͈a/
Determiner
na
neuter nominative/accusative singular of nach(“any”)
Etymology 4
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /n͈aː/
Particle
na
Alternative spelling of ná(“don’t”)
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic*na. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): (10th–15th CE)/na/
IPA(key): (15th CE)/na/
Preposition
na
denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
denotes movement towards some nouns; to, toward [+accusative]
denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for [+accusative]
denotes a goal or purpose; for [+accusative]
used in some temporal and physical measurements; by [+accusative] or [+locative]
denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
denotes a period of time; during [+locc]
denotes frequency; per [+case]
denotes location with events; at [+locative]
denotes manner [+accusative]
Descendants
Masurian: na
Polish: na
Silesian: na
References
B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “na”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Pali
Alternative forms
Etymology 1
Inherited from Sanskritन(na).
Particle
na
no, not
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective
na
(demonstrative) that
Declension
Synonyms
ta
Derived terms
ena(“this”)
nā(“her”)
Pronoun
nam or n
(demonstrative) that
him, it
(in the plural) them
Usage notes
Note that this is not used to reference, explicitly or implicitly, a neuter noun in the plural.
Declension
Synonyms
ta
References
Pali Text Society (1921–1925) “na”, in Pali-English Dictionary, London: Chipstead
Papiamentu
Etymology 1
From Portuguesena and Kabuverdianuna.
Preposition
na
at
in
inside
on
Etymology 2
From Dutchnaar.
Preposition
na
to
towards
Phalura
Etymology 1
From Sanskritन(na, “not”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
Particle
na (negating, Perso-Arabic spellingنہ)
not
don't
References
Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[12], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “na”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
Interjection
na (Perso-Arabic spellingنہ)
no!
References
Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[13], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Phuthi
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu*-nɪ̀a.
Verb
-na
to rain
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polishna.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
(Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈna/
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: na
Homophone: -na
Preposition
na
denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
Siedzę na koniu. ― I'm on a horse.
denotes location with events; at [+locative]
Mieszkam na wsi. ― I live in the countryside.
denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
Uważaj, zaraz to na mnie spadnie! ― Watch out, it's going to fall on me!
denotes the length of time for which an action will be done; for, by [+accusative]
Sprawozdanie ma być gotowe na piątą. ― The report should be ready by five o'clock.
denotes a goal or purpose; for, to deal with [+accusative]
lek na grypę ― flu medication
na zdrowie ― for [your] health; cheers; bless you.
denotes frequency; per [+case]
pięć metrów na sekundę ― five meters per second
denotes manner [+accusative] or [+adverb]
pasażer na gapę ― stowaway
deser na kwaśno ― sour dessert
(mathematics)surjective usage; onto [+accusative]
Adjective
na (not comparable, no derived adverb)
(mathematics) onto; surjective
Interjection
na
(obsolete) take it! here!
Usage notes
When used as an adjective, this word is indeclinable, postpositive (when used attributively), and usually placed inside quotation marks, e.g. funkcja„na”.
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), na is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 1784 times in scientific texts, 1884 times in news, 1681 times in essays, 1932 times in fiction, and 1319 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 8600 times, making it the 5th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
Further reading
na in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
na in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “na”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
“NA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 29.01.2012
Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego[14]
Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[15]
J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1904), “na”, in Słownik języka polskiego[16] (in Polish), volume 3, Warsaw, page 1
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Hyphenation: na
Etymology 1
From Old Galician-Portuguesena, clipping of ena, from en(“in”) + a(“the”).
Contraction
naf sg
Contraction of em a(“in the”): feminine singular of no
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.
Preposition
na
at
in
Etymology 2
Pronoun
na
Alternative form of a(third-person feminine singular objective pronoun)used as an enclitic following a verb form ending in a nasal vowel or diphthong
Usage notes
This form is not found in Brazilian speech.
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:no.
Riantana
Etymology
From Proto-Trans-New Guinea*na. Cognate to Blagarna.
Pronoun
na
I
Romani
Etymology
From Sanskritन(na, “no”).
Adverb
na
not
Interjection
na
right?; tag question
Particle
na
no
References
Dieter W. Halwachs (2021 September 19 (last accessed)) “Morphology”, in Romani Projekt Graz[17], archived from the original on 13 April 2016
Yūsuke Sumi (2018) “na”, in ニューエクスプレスプラス ロマ(ジプシー)語 [New Express Plus Romani (Gypsy)] (in Japanese), Tokyo: Hakusuisha, published 2021, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 152
Romanian
Etymology
Cognate to Bulgarianна(na), from Proto-Slavic*na.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
Rhymes: -a
Interjection
na
here you are! take it!
Further reading
na in DEX online—Dicționare ale limbii române (Dictionaries of the Romanian language)
don’t (particle used to introduce a negative imperative; triggers h-prothesis of a following vowel)
particle used to emphasise a negative reply to a question
Etymology 4
From Old Irisha(“that which”).
Pronoun
na
all that, that which, whatever, what
Etymology 5
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Article
na (triggers H-prothesis)
inflection of an(“the”):
genitive singular feminine
nominative or dative plural
Declension
Etymology 6
Univerbation of an(interrogative particle) + do(past tense particle)
Particle
na
(chiefly Lewis, colloquial)marks an interrogative in the past tense
Na rinn thu sin? ― Did you do that?
Etymology 7
From Old Irishnó, nú.
Conjunction
na
Alternative form of no
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic*na.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
Preposition
na (Cyrillic spellingна)
(+ locative case)on, at, in(with certain nouns, expressing location without a change of position, answering the question gdjȅ/gdȅ; see usage notes below)
knjiga je na stolu ― the book is on the table
biti na koncertu ― to be at the concert
biti na ulici ― to be in the street
zv(ij)ezde na nebu ― stars in the sky
(+ locative case)on(indicating medium)
čuti nešto na radiju ― to hear something on the radio
(+ accusative case)to, on, onto(with certain nouns, expressing the goal of motion, answering questions kùda (Bosnian, Serbian) or kȁmo (Croatian); see usage notes below)
staviti knjigu na sto(l) ― to put a book on the table
ići na koncert ― to go to a concert
(+ accusative case)for(with verbs of motion and certain other verbs, to express something which will last for a limited period; after that a reverse action is implied)
otići nekuda/nekamo na dva dana ― to go somewhere for two days
(+ accusative case)in(used with seasons)
na l(j)eto ― in summer, next summer, the following summer
(+ accusative case)noun attribute for permanent properties, such as sources of power or energy, but not including purpose
krevet na kat ― bunk bed (literally, “bed on story, level”)
podmornica na atomski pogon ― nuclear-powered submarine (literally, “submarine (run) on the nuclear power”)
jaje na oko ― sunny-side up egg (literally, “egg on the eye”)
ljubav na daljinu ― long-distance relationship (literally, “love on distance”)
r(ij)eči na a ― words ending in a (literally, “words on a”)
(+ accusative case)by, on, through(adverbial phrase of manner)
ući na prednja vrata ― to enter through the front door (literally, “to enter on the front door”)
plaćena na sat ― paid by the hour (literally, “paid on an hour”)
na brzinu ― hastily (literally, “on speed”)
na vr(ij)eme ― on time
(+ accusative case)indirect object of certain verbs
vikati na ljude ― to yell at people
pods(j)ećati na nekog ― to remind of someone
(+ accusative case)a part of certain set expressions, which can be spelled also as one word in Croatian
na sreću ― luckily
na prim(j)er ― for example
Usage notes
na is used to indicate the location (with locative) or the goal of motion (with accusative), with:
surfaces, either horizontal (table) or vertical (wall), including open spaces such as playgrounds, mountains, islands, most neighborhoods, pictures, the sky
activities, such as ručak lunch, odmor vacation, posao work, predavanje lecture, sastanak meeting
exposure to the sun, fresh air, wind, rain and snow (na suncu ― in the sun)
limits: rub, ivica edge, početak beginning, kraj end, vrh top, dno bottom
languages (na engleskom ― in English)
with more sea, to express at/to the seaside; with selo village, to express in/to the countryside
the noun fakultet
Interjection
na! (Cyrillic spellingна!)
Here you are! Take it!
Help yourself!
Shona
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu*-nàì.
Adjective
-na
four
Inflection
Sicilian
Article
naf sg
(indefinite) a, an
See also
Silesian
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈna/
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: na
Etymology 1
Inherited from Old Polishna, from Proto-Slavic*na.
Preposition
na
denotes superessive position; on [+locative]
Antonym:pod
denotes inessive position of some countries and regions; in, [+locative]
Synonym:w
Antonym:poza
denotes location with events; at [+locative]
denotes sublative movement; onto [+accusative]
Synonyms:do, ku
denotes time; for [+accusative]
denotes measurement; by [+accusative]
denotes aim of an action; for [+accusative]
denotes color of painted object [+adverb]
denotes manner [+adverb]
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic*na.
Interjection
na
used when giving someone something; here!
filler word; well
Further reading
na in dykcjonorz.eu
na in silling.org
Slovak
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic*na, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂en-.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈna/
Preposition
na
(with locative) on (touching from above)
Synonyms:navrchu, po
(with locative) by, with, using (indicates a means or an instrument)
Synonym:o
(with locative) at (indicates time)
(with locative) at, because of (indicates reason)
Synonyms:z, zo
(with locative, in connection with byť) on, usually translated with a corresponsing verb(indicates state)
(with accusative) on, to (indicates motion towards the upper surface of an object or contact with the object from any side)
Synonyms:smerom na, smerom do, smerom k, o
(with accusative) for, on, to (indicates purpose or goal)
Synonyms:po, proti, pri
(with accusative) at, on (indicates time)
Synonyms:cez, počas, v
(with accusative) at, because of, of (indicates reason)
Synonyms:s, so, z, zo
Further reading
“na”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2024
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic*na.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
Preposition
na
(with locative) on (stationary)
(with accusative) onto (motion towards)
(with accusative) at, on (a moment in time)
Further reading
“na”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
Somali
Adverb
na
moreover
Southern Ndebele
Etymology
From Proto-Bantu*-nɪ̀a.
Verb
-na
to rain
Inflection
This entry needs an inflection-table template.
Spanish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈna/[ˈna]
Rhymes: -a
Syllabification: na
Etymology 1
Contraction of enna.
Contraction
na
(obsolete)Contraction of en la(“in the”).
Etymology 2
Representing accents where intervocalic /d/ is lost after a stressed syllable.
Alternative forms
na'
Pronoun
na
Pronunciation spelling of nada.
Derived terms
Further reading
“na”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Sranan Tongo
Etymology
Borrowed from Dutchnaar.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
Preposition
na
to
Sumerian
Romanization
na
Romanization of 𒈾
Swahili
Etymology
Akin to Lingalana, Lugandana. From Proto-Bantu*nà.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /nɑ/
Conjunction
na
and
Usage notes
Older or more conservative Swahili writings only use na to connect two nouns, never to connect two adjectives; the second adjective is changed into an abstract noun instead. However, in modern colloquial Swahili, this is not always the case.
Preposition
na
with
by
Usage notes
na can be suffixed with special suffixes (for human pronominals) or any -o of reference (for other objects) to inflect it with an object (for example, nayo = "with it"):
Inflection
Verb
-na
present stem of -wa na(“to have”)
sinacho ― I do not have it
Swazi
Particle
nâ
Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedishhana, accusative form of hon. In most dialects, the corresponding dative form (henne, in Old Norse: hænni) has taken its place. Compare Norwegian Nynorskna.
Pronoun
na
(dialectal) her; accusative/dative of hon
Synonym:henne
Usage notes
Common enough to be understood by all native speakers.
Rarely in written form unless supposed to imitate (dialectal) speech. See also the usage notes for honom.
See also
en
References
Anagrams
-an, an, an-
Tagalog
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/, [nɐ]
Etymology 1
Influenced by Baybayin character ᜈ(na).
Noun
na (Baybayin spellingᜈ)
the name of the Latin-script letter N,in the Abakada alphabet.
Synonyms:(in the Filipino alphabet)en, (in the Abecedario)ene
See also
nana
Etymology 2
From Proto-Philippine*na(“now; already”). Compare Bikol Centralna, Cebuanona, Hiligaynonna, and Tausugna.
Adverb
na (Baybayin spellingᜈ)
already; now; anymore (expresses the event when following a verb)
already; now (declares the event of action when following a verb in the past tense)
already; now (suggests immediate or quick action when following the infinitive form and future tense of the verb)
Adjective
na (Baybayin spellingᜈ)
already; now (expresses the event when following a noun)
now; already (expresses a shift or change in the performance of a task when following a personal pronoun)
See also
na-
Etymology 3
From Proto-Austronesian*na(“linker marking emphatic attribution”).
Ligature
na (Baybayin spellingᜈ)
Connects words, phrases, and sentences: which is; that is; who is
Connects adjectives to nouns.
Connects adverbs to verbs.
Connects clauses: that; to
Connects quantifiers(mayroon and wala only uses -ng)
Tanang Pilipino ― Every Filipino.
Apat na palo. ― Four sticks.
Usage notes
na becomes the -ng suffix if the preceding word ends in a vowel.
Words ending in -n will become -ng (-g)
It becomes the -ng- interfix in compound words, if the preceding stem ends in a vowel.
haba + -ng- + buhay → habang-buhay
bunga + -ng- + kahoy → bungangkahoy
It becomes the -m- interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (b) or (p).
haba + -m- + buhay → habambuhay
ganti + -m- + pala → gantimpala
It becomes the -n- interfix in compound words, where the next stem starts with a (d), (s), or (t).
isa + -n- + daan → sandaan
bago + -n- + sakop + -in → bagunsakupin
libo + -n- + taon → libuntaon
Words ending with -n inside compounds ending will become -ng- (-g-)
“na”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
Tày
Etymology
From Proto-Tai*ʰnaːᴬ(“thick”). Cognate with Laoໜາ(nā), Lüᦐᦱ(ṅaa), Shanၼႃ(nǎa), Ahom𑜃𑜡(nā), Bouyeinal, Zhuangna, Thaiหนา(nǎa).
Pronunciation
(Thạch An – Tràng Định) IPA(key): [naː˧˧]
(Trùng Khánh) IPA(key): [naː˦˥]
Adjective
na (那,𪿣)
thick
phải na ― thick fabric
bold, brave
nả na ― shameless, bold
Derived terms
na tứt
References
Hoàng Văn Ma, Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Chí (2006) Từ điển Tày-Nùng-Việt [Tay-Nung-Vietnamese dictionary] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Từ điển Bách khoa Hà Nội
Lương Bèn (2011) Từ điển Tày-Việt [Tay-Vietnamese dictionary][19][20] (in Vietnamese), Thái Nguyên: Nhà Xuất bản Đại học Thái Nguyên
Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày][21] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội
Tok Pisin
Etymology
From Englishand.
Conjunction
na
and
Derived terms
olsem na
Tooro
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu*-nàì. Cognate with Swahili-nne and Tswana-nne. Doublet of omunaana(“eight”).
Numeral
-na
four
Declension
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu*nà. Cognate with Swahilina, Lingalana and Lugandana.
Conjunction
na (apocopic formn')
and
with, by
Adverb
na (apocopic formn')
even
Na Kisembo naasobora kwetegereza. ― Even Kisembo can understand.
References
Entry 3674 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3
Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary[24], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 148, 439-441
Turkish
Etymology
From Russianна(na) or Ukrainianна(na).
Interjection
na
(dialect, Trabzon, Rize) here it is! take it!
Synonym:işte!
Tzotzil
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /nä/
Noun
na
house
Inflection
Derived terms
(Nouns)
ti' na
References
Laughlin, Robert M. (1975) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of San Lorenzo Zinacantán. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán, vol. I. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Unami
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [na]
Pronoun
na
that (animate)
Venda
Conjunction
na
and
with
Venetian
Article
naf sg
a, an
Vietnamese
Pronunciation
(Hà Nội) IPA(key): [naː˧˧]
(Huế) IPA(key): [naː˧˧]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA(key): [naː˧˧]
Noun
(classifiercây, trái, quả) na • (𦰡)
(Northern Vietnam) sugar apple (Annona squamosa)
Synonym:mãng cầu
Anagrams
an
Welsh
Etymology 1
Cognate with Old Irishnach, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European*ne(negative particle) + *-kʷe(“and”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /naː/, /na/
Rhymes: -aː
Interjection
na
no
Particle
na (triggers mixed mutation)
not (in answers and tag questions)
(literary) don’t (with verbs in the imperative mood)
Usage notes
Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
The form nac is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form na remains, thus na + gallan becomes naallan, not *nacallan.
Alternative forms
nac(used before a vowel)
Conjunction
na (triggers mixed mutation)
that … not (introduces a negative noun clause)
Usage notes
Triggers mixed mutation (i.e. aspirate of p, t, c and soft of remaining mutatable letters) of a following consonant.
The form nad is used before a vowel. When the following consonant is g, which disappears under soft mutation, the form na remains, thus na + gallan becomes naallan, not *nadallan.
The form is always nad before an element fronted for emphasis.
Alternative forms
nad(used before a vowel, or where an element is fronted for emphasis)
See also
y(affirmative)
Etymology 2
Variant of no(g), probably from rebracketing of the comparative “*-achno” as “-achno”.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na(ː)/
Conjunction
na (triggers aspirate mutation)
than
neither, nor
Alternative forms
nag(used before a vowel)
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na(ː)/
Verb
na
Soft mutation of gna.
Verb
na (not mutable)
first-person singular future colloquial of gwneud
Mutation
Etymology 4
Adjective
na
Nasal mutation of da.
Noun
na
Nasal mutation of da.
Mutation
References
Xhosa
Etymology 1
Particle
ná
Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu*-nɪ̀a.
Verb
-na
(intransitive) to rain
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Ye'kwana
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [na]
Verb
na
(transitive) to clear (a conuco garden)
(transitive) to clear (brush)
References
Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “na”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[25], Lyon
Hall, Katherine Lee (1988) “”, in The morphosyntax of discourse in De'kwana Carib, volumes I and II, Saint Louis, Missouri: PhD Thesis, Washington University, page 315
Yola
Etymology 1
From Middle Englishna, no, from nan(“none”), from Old Englishnān. Cognates include Englishno and Scotsnae.
Alternative forms
no, nae
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /nɔː/
Determiner
na
no
Particle
na
no
Etymology 2
Interjection
na
Alternative form of naay
Etymology 3
Adverb
na
Alternative form of no(“not”)
Etymology 4
Borrowed from Irishna.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /nə/
Article
na
of the
in the
References
Jacob Poole (d. 1827) (before 1828) William Barnes, editor, A Glossary, With some Pieces of Verse, of the old Dialect of the English Colony in the Baronies of Forth and Bargy, County of Wexford, Ireland, London: J. Russell Smith, published 1867, page 58
Yoruba
Pronunciation
(high-tone): IPA(key): /nã́/
(mid-tone): IPA(key): /nã̄/
(low-tone): IPA(key): /nã̀/
Etymology 1
Verb
nà
to beat; to hit; to smack
Synonym:lù
Ó nà án ní pàṣán ― She beat him with a whip
to defeat
Synonym:borí
Usage notes
na before a direct object.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Verb
ná
to spend
Synonym:náwó(“to spend money”)
Àníkẹ́ ń ná owó nínàákúkàá ― Anike is spending money extravagently
to cost
Ó ná mi ní ogún náírà péré ― It only cost me 20 naira
Ó lè máa ná wọn tó ẹgbẹ̀rún dọ́là ― It may cost them up to a thousand dollars
to haggle; to bargain
Synonyms:yọwó, nájà
Ìyá mi ń bá oníkiri ná ― My mother's haggling with the hawker
to trade; to go to the market
Synonym:nájà
Mo ná ọjà Mọ́kọ́lá ― I trade at Mokola market
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Verb
nà
to stretch; to raise
Mo na ọwọ́ mi dì í mú ― I stretched out my hand to grasp it
Àwòdì na ìyẹ́ rẹ̀, kí ó sì fò lọ ― The hawk spread its wings and flew away
to aim; to point
Ọlọ́pàá na ìbọn sí wọn lójú ― The police pointed a gun in their face
Usage notes
na before a direct object.
Derived terms
Zaghawa
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
Pronoun
na
you (singular); thou
Na dô neygini? : Are you tired?
References
Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad
Zhuang
Etymology
From Proto-Tai*ʰnaːᴬ(“thick”). Cognate with Thaiหนา(nǎa), Laoໜາ(nā), Lüᦐᦱ(ṅaa), Shanၼႃ(nǎa), Ahom𑜃𑜡(nā), Bouyeinal.
Pronunciation
(Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /na˨˦/
Tone numbers: na1
Hyphenation: na
Adjective
na (Sawndip forms𭆗or那or𭡇or𦀨, 1957–1982 spellingna)
thick (with opposite surfaces far apart)
Antonym:mbang
(of vegetation) dense; thick
Zia
Etymology
From Proto-Trans-New Guinea*na. Cognate to Blagarna.
Pronoun
na
I (first person pronoun singular)
Zou
Etymology 1
From Proto-Kuki-Chin*naa, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan*na. Cognates include Tibetanན(na) and Burmeseနာ(na).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na˧/
Adjective
na
ill
Etymology 2
From Proto-Kuki-Chin*hnaar, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan*s-na. Cognates include Tibetanསྣ(sna) and Burmeseနှာ(hna).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na˧/
Noun
na
nose
References
Lukram Himmat Singh (2013) A Descriptive Grammar of Zou, Canchipur: Manipur University, pages 40, 47
Zulu
Etymology 1
Possibly from na-.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ná/
Particle
na
Interrogative particle; indicates a yes-no question. Placed at the end of the sentence.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu*-nɪ̀a.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /na/
Verb
-na
(intransitive) to rain
Inflection
See also
imvula
References
C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “na”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na (3-8)”
C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “na”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “na”