die paswette tydens die apartheidsjare - the pass laws during the years of apartheid
References
2007. The UCLA Phonetics Lab Archive. Los Angeles, CA: UCLA Department of Linguistics.
Albanian
Alternative forms
mas, mbas (Gheg)
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian*pa ̊, from Proto-Indo-European*pós(“directly to, at, after”). Cognate to Ancient Greekπός(pós, “at, to, by”), Old Church Slavonicпо(po, “behind, after”).
Preposition
pas (+ablative)
behind, beyond
after
at
over
against
Adverb
pas
behind
after
hence
Derived terms
pasi
pastaj
pasojë
pasardhës
Related terms
pa
mbasi
përmasë
mbas
Aragonese
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pas/
Adverb
pas
emphasises a negation; (not) at all; (not) ever
2010, Academia de l’Aragonés, Propuesta ortografica de l’Academia de l’Aragonés, 2nd edition, Edacar, page I:
–pero no pas superficial, asperamos–
– but not at all superficial, we hope –
2010, Academia de l’Aragonés, Propuesta ortografica de l’Academia de l’Aragonés, 2nd edition, Edacar, page 20:
No ocurre pas debant de f-, […]
It doesn’t ever occur before f-, […]
See also
no
Asturian
Noun
pasm pl
plural of pá
Bau Bidayuh
Noun
pas
squirrel (rodent)
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitanpas, from Latinpassus(“step”). Its use as an auxiliary adverb comes from an accusative use (Latin nec...passum) in negative constructions – literally ‘not...a step’, i.e. ‘not at all’ – originally used with certain verbs of motion.
Pronunciation
(Balearic, Central, Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈpas/
Noun
pasm (pluralpassos)
step, pace
(figuratively) action
pace, gait, rhythm of walking
Derived terms
pas a nivell
passet
Related terms
passar
Adverb
pas
(in negative sentences)Used to intensify negation: at all, ever
Usage notes
The main marker of negation in Catalan is the adverb no. No is placed before the verbs, while pas is usually placed after it. Unlike French, where pas is a mandatory negative particle (under many circumstances); in Catalan, pas is only used as an optional intensifier of negation.
Further reading
“pas” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Chuukese
Preposition
pas
past
Czech
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pas/
Etymology 1
Noun
pasm inan
Alternative form of pás(“waist”)
Declension
Etymology 2
Noun
pasm inan
passport
Declension
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
pas
second-person singular imperative of pást
Further reading
pas in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
pas in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Deverbal from passen, from Middle Dutchpassen, from pas, from Old Frenchpas, from Latinpassus. Equivalent to a derivation from etymology 2.
Adverb
pas
just, recently
hardly
only, not until, not any sooner
now ... really
Descendants
Afrikaans: pas
→ Volapük: pas
Adjective
pas (used only predicatively, not comparable)
fitting, having a proper fit, having the correct size and shape
Descendants
→ Indonesian: pas
Etymology 2
From Middle Dutchpas, from Old Frenchpas, from Latinpassus.
Noun
pasm (pluralpassen, diminutivepasjen)
pace, step; also as a measure of distance
(geography) mountain pass
fit of an object, notably depending on forms and/or dimensions
Derived terms
bergpas
danspas
Descendants
Afrikaans: pas
→ Indonesian: pas
Etymology 3
From paspoort or from etymology 2.
Noun
pasm (pluralpassen, diminutivepasjen)
pass, passport (travel document)
Derived terms
bankpas
betaalpas
ledenpas
pasfoto
Descendants
Afrikaans: pas
→ Indonesian: pas
Etymology 4
See the etymology of the main entry.
Verb
pas
first-person singular present indicative of passen
imperative of passen
Anagrams
sap
Finnish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈpɑs/, [ˈpɑs̠]
Rhymes: -ɑs
Syllabification: pas
Interjection
pas
(card games) I pass!
French
Etymology
From Old Frenchpas, from Latinpassus. Its use as an auxiliary adverb comes from an accusative use (Latinnec... passum) in negative constructions – literally ‘not... a step’, i.e. ‘not at all’ – originally used with certain verbs of motion.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pɑ/, /pa/
Noun
pasm (pluralpas)
step, pace, footstep
(geography) strait, pass
thread, pitch (of a screw or nut)
Derived terms
Adverb
pas
(ne ... pas) not
(colloquial, spoken) not
(Shortened form of: Je ne veux pas travailler. or Je veux pas travailler.)
Derived terms
pourquoi pas
je ne comprends pas
Related terms
passage
passer
point
Further reading
“pas” in Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Friulian
Etymology
From Latinpassus.
Noun
pasm (pluralpass)
step, footstep
pace
Related terms
passâ
Indonesian
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈpas]
Hyphenation: pas
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Dutchpas, from Middle Dutchpas, from Old Frenchpas, from Latinpassus, pandere(“to spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Indo-European*patno-, *pete-(“to spread, stretch out”).
Noun
pas (pluralpas-pas, first-person possessivepasku, second-person possessivepasmu, third-person possessivepasnya)
pass, permission or license to pass, or to go and come
mountain pass
Related terms
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Dutchpassend, pas, from Middle Dutchpas, passen, from Old Frenchpas, from Latinpassus, pandere(“to spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Indo-European*patno-, *pete-(“to spread, stretch out”).
Adjective
pas
(colloquial)fit, suitable, proper
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 3
Noun
pas (first-person possessivepasku, second-person possessivepasmu, third-person possessivepasnya)
(archaic)Alternative spelling of opas.
Etymology 4
From Malaypas, borrowed from Englishpass, from Middle Englishpassen, from Old Frenchto step, walk, pass, from Vulgar Latin*passāre(“step, walk, pass”), from Latinpassus(“a step”), pandere(“to spread, unfold, stretch”), from Proto-Indo-European*patno-, *pete-(“to spread, stretch out”).
Verb
pas
to pass, to achieve a successful outcome from
Synonym:lulus
Further reading
“pas” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
Lithuanian
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [pɐs]
Preposition
pàs
(usually with accusative) by; with; at
Ar tu norėtum sėdėti pas mane?
Would you like to sit by/with me?
Mes galime valgyti pas tave.
We can eat at your place.
Jis gyvena passavo tėvus.
He lives with his parents.
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic*pojasъ.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pas/
Noun
pasm
belt
Declension
Middle French
Etymology
From Old Frenchpas.
Noun
pasm (pluralpas)
pace; step
Descendants
French: pas
Occitan
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Old Occitanpas, from Latinpassus.
Adverb
pas
(after the verb) not (negates the meaning of a verb)
From Portuguesepaz and Spanishpaz and Kabuverdianupás
Noun
pas
peace
Phalura
Etymology
From Pashto [script needed] (pas).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pas/
Postposition
pas (پس)
after
References
Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[1], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Polish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic*pojasъ.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pas/
Noun
pasm inan
belt
(heraldry) fess
Declension
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Frenchpasse.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pas/
Noun
pasm inan
(in card games) pass
Etymology 3
Borrowed from Frenchpas.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pa/
Noun
pasm inan
pas, step
Further reading
pas in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
pas in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romanian
Etymology
From Latinpassus.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pas/
Rhymes: -as
Noun
pasm (pluralpași)
step, pace, footstep, stride
gait
Derived terms
păși
Related terms
păsa
See also
păs
Scottish Gaelic
Noun
pasm (genitive singularpais, pluralpasaichean)
pass (permission)
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic*pьsъ.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pâs/
Noun
pȁsm (Cyrillic spellingпа̏с)
dog
Declension
Derived terms
pȁsjī
psȅćī
psić
Etymology 2
Shortened form of pȍjās.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pâːs/
Noun
pȃsm (Cyrillic spellingпа̑с)
(regional) belt, girdle
(regional) waist, waistline
Declension
Derived terms
opàsati
Related terms
pȍjās
opàsāč
Etymology 3
From Englishpass or Frenchpasse.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pâːs/
Noun
pȃsm (Cyrillic spellingпа̑с)
(sports) pass
Declension
Tatar
Alternative forms
bas
Noun
pas
price
Tok Pisin
Etymology
From Englishpouch
Noun
pas
pouch
Derived terms
skin pas (envelope)
Adjective
pas
closed; shut; sealed
Derived terms
ai i pas
bel i pas
pas maus
Related terms
pasim
Turkish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈpas/
Hyphenation: pas
Noun
pas (definite accusativepası, pluralpaslar)
rust(oxidation of metal)
Declension
Volapük
Etymology
Apparently introduced by Arie de Jong in Volapük Nulik. If so, probably borrowed from Dutchpas.