Note: these 'words' (valid or invalid) are all the permutations of the word per. These words are obtained by scrambling the letters in per.
Definitions and meaning of per
per
Pronunciation
(UK) IPA(key): /pɜː(ɹ)/
(US) IPA(key): /pɝ/
Rhymes: -ɜː(r)
Homophone: purr
Etymology 1
From Latinper(“through, during”), from Proto-Indo-European*per.
Preposition
per
For each.
To each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units).
(medicine) By the, by means of the, via the, through the.
In accordance with.
Usage notes
In senses equivalent to "each", per is typically followed by a singular noun phrase with no determiner.
Take one pill per day, not *Take one pill per a day.
The common exception is its use with plural noun phrases, although these are almost always limited to large round numbers such as 100, 1,000, 10,000...
The abortion rate in the U.S. has dropped since 1980 from nearly 30 per 1,000 women of childbearing age to less than 20.
In medical senses, per is followed by the name of an orifice in Latin rather than English.
(rare) They (singular). Gender-neutral neologistic third-person singular subject pronoun, coordinate with gendered pronouns he and she.
1997 April 22, "Anthony and Joy Hilbert" (username), "ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules", in alt.sex.bondage, Usenet:
This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?
(rare) Them (singular)Neologistic gender-neutral third-person singular object pronoun, suggested for use in place of him and her.
1997 April 22, "Anthony and Joy Hilbert" (username), "ASB: Info PDQ please re local group rules", in alt.sex.bondage, Usenet:
This is the same place the Houghtons came from? The place where someone we interacted with thought of going into law as a profession, decided per couldn't because per was a bdsmer, and most of the USAmerican bdsmers per was discussing it with agreed with per?
Derived terms
perself
Synonyms
(singular) they
ey, e, sie, shi, ze
Hyponyms
(as subject):he, she
(as object):him, her
Adjective
per (not comparable)
(rare) Belonging to per, their (singular). Gender-neutral third-person singular possessive adjective, coordinate with gendered his and her.
Derived terms
pers
Synonyms
(singular) their
eir, hir
Hyponyms
his, her
See also
other attested and proposed gender-neutral pronouns
Anagrams
EPR, ERP, RPE, Rep, Rep., pre, pre-, rep
Aromanian
Alternative forms
peru
Etymology 1
From Latinpilus. Compare Romanianpăr.
Noun
per
hair
Related terms
piros
Etymology 2
From Latinpirus. Compare Romanianpăr.
Noun
per
pear tree
Related terms
pearã
Asturian
Etymology
From Latinper.
Preposition
per
by means of, by way of, by
for
through
Derived terms
Breton
Etymology 1
Compare Cornishper, Welshpêr.
from Vulgar Latin*pira
Noun
perf (singulativeperenn)
pears
Derived terms
gwez-per
per-douar
pereg
perenn
perenneg
perennek
perid
sistr per
Etymology 2
Compare Cornishper, Welshpair.
from Proto-Celtic*kʷaryos
Noun
perm (pluralperioù)
cauldron
Related terms
chaoudouron
kaoter
pothouarn
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitan [Term?], from Latinper.
Pronunciation
(Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /pəɾ/
(Valencian) IPA(key): /peɾ/
Preposition
per
Through, via: used in indicating the medium through which passage occurs.
At, during, in: used in indicating the time at which an event occurs.
During, for: used in indicating the duration of time for which an event occurs.
Because, because of: used in indicating the reason an action was undertaken.
(when followed by a verbal noun)Used in indicating the activity one intends to do because of an action.
By: used in indicating the agent responsible for an action.
For each; for every.
A, for, per: used in indicating a rate of exchange.
Usage notes
When the preposition per is followed by a masculine definite article, el (sg) or els (pl), it is contracted with it to the forms pel (sg) or pels (pl) respectively. If el would be elided to the form l’ because it is before a word beginning with a vowel, the elision to per l’ takes precedence over contracting to pel.
Derived terms
Further reading
“per” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Cimbrian
Etymology 1
From Middle High Germanbër, from Old High Germanbero, from Proto-West Germanic*berō, from Proto-Germanic*berô(“bear”). Cognate with GermanBär, Englishbear.
Noun
perm
(Luserna) bear
References
“per” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Etymology 2
From Middle High Germanber, from Old High Germanberi, from Proto-West Germanic*baʀi, from Proto-Germanic*bazją(“berry”). Cognate with GermanBeere, Englishberry.
Noun
pern (pluralpern)
(Luserna) berry
Derived terms
References
“per” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Cornish
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Compare Bretonper, Welshpêr.
Noun
perf (singulativeperen)
pears
Czech
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈpɛr]
Verb
per
second-person singular imperative of prát
Danish
Preposition
per (abbreviated pr.)
For each; for every
Dutch
Pronunciation
Rhymes: -ɛr
Preposition
per
For each; for every; per
by means of
Anagrams
rep
Esperanto
Etymology
Borrowed from Latinper.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /per/
Hyphenation: per
Preposition
per
by means of, with
See also
kun
Finnish
Etymology
From Latinper.
Preposition
per
per
Synonyms
kohden, kohti
German
Pronunciation
Preposition
per (+ accusative or dative)
per, via, by, in acccordance with
Usage notes
per is followed by a noun in either the accusative or dative case. No semantic distinction is made between the cases here. Examples from Duden: per ersten / erstem Januar, "as of the first of January"; per eingeschriebenen / eingeschriebenem Brief, "by registered letter".
References
“per” in Duden online
Hungarian
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈpɛr]
Hyphenation: per
Rhymes: -ɛr
Etymology 1
Back-formation from perel.
Alternative forms
pör (dialectal)
Noun
per (pluralperek)
(law) action, suit, lawsuit
Synonyms:eljárás, kereset
Declension
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Latinper(“through”).
Adverb
per
per
(mathematics) divided by
Derived terms
perjel
References
Further reading
(action, lawsuit): per in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
(per, divided by): per in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
Ido
Etymology
From Esperantoper, from Englishper, Frenchpar, Italianper, Spanishpor, ultimately from Latinper, from Proto-Indo-European*per.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /per/, /pɛɾ/
Preposition
per
by means of, by, with (some means)
(mathematics) multiplied by, times
Derived terms
per ke(“through the fact that”)
See also
da(“by”)
kun(“with (in company with)”)
Indonesian
Alternative forms
pir(nonstandard)
Etymology 1
From Dutchveer(“feather, spring”), a contraction of veder, from Middle Dutchvedere, from Old Dutchfethara, from Proto-Germanic*feþrō, from Proto-Indo-European*péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én-(“feather, wing”), from *peth₂-(“to fly”). The sense "spring" is derived from the ability of feathers to resume their shape when bent.
spring, a mechanical device made of flexible or coiled material that exerts force and attempts to spring back when bent, compressed, or stretched.
Synonym:pegas
(colloquial)arc lamp.
Synonyms:bohlam, bola lampu listrik, lampu busur
Derived terms
Compounds
Etymology 2
From Dutchper, from Latinper(“through, during”), from Proto-Indo-European*per.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈpər]
Hyphenation: pêr
Preposition
pêr
per,
for each.
Synonym:tiap
to each, in each (used in expressing ratios of units).
Synonyms:bagi, demi
by the, by means of the, via the, through the.
Synonym:dengan
since
Synonyms:mulai, sejak
Further reading
“per” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Daring, Jakarta: Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa, Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, 2016.
Italian
Etymology
From Latinper.
Preposition
per
for
to(indicates direction)
through
in or on
by
with
as
Usage notes
When followed by the definite article, per can be combined with the article to give the following combined forms (old-fashioned, very rarely used):
Derived terms
See also
pro
References
Ladin
Etymology
From Latinper.
Preposition
per
for
through
in or on
by
with
as
Latin
Alternative forms
ꝑ(Mediaeval sigil)
Etymology
From Proto-Italic*per, from Proto-Indo-European*peri. Cognates include Ancient Greekπερί(perí), Sanskritपरि(pári), Lithuanianper, Albanianpër and Englishfor.
Pronunciation
(Classical) IPA(key): /per/, [pɛr]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /per/, [pɛr]
Preposition
per (+ accusative)
through, by means of
throughout, during
Derived terms
Descendants
Eastern Romance:
Aromanian: pri, pi, pre
Romanian: pre, pe, pă, pi
Istriot: par
Italian: per
Franco-Provençal: per
Old Leonese: [Term?]
Asturian: per
Old Occitan: [Term?]
Catalan: per
Old French: par
Middle French: par
French: par
→ English: par
Lorrain: poir
Picard: per
Old Portuguese: per
Portuguese: per
Old Spanish: [Term?]
Spanish: par
Rhaeto-Romance:
Friulian: par
Ladin: per
Venetian: par
→ Danish: per
→ Dutch: per
→ English: per
→ Finnish: per
→ German: per
→ Hungarian: per
→ Norwegian: per
→ Swedish: per
References
per in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
per in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
per in Ramminger, Johann (accessed 16 July 2016) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[3], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Latvian
Verb
per
2nd person singular present indicative form of pērt
3rd person singular present indicative form of pērt
3rd person plural present indicative form of pērt
2nd person singular imperative form of pērt
(with the particle lai)3rd person singular imperative form of pērt
(with the particle lai)3rd person plural imperative form of pērt
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European*peri. Cognates include Ancient Greekπερί(perí), Sanskritपरि(pári), Latinper and Englishfor.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [pʲɛr]
Preposition
per (with accusative)
through
during
Middle English
Etymology 1
From Old Englishpere, peru.
Noun
per
Alternative form of pere(“pear”)
Etymology 2
From Medieval Latinpera.
Noun
per
Alternative form of pere(“bridge pillar”)
Etymology 3
From Old Frenchper.
Noun
per
Alternative form of pere(“peer”)
Adjective
per
Alternative form of pere(“equal”)
Mòcheno
Etymology 1
From Middle High Germanbër, from Old High Germanbero, from Proto-West Germanic*berō, from Proto-Germanic*berô(“bear”). Cognate with GermanBär, Englishbear.
Noun
perm
bear
Etymology 2
From Middle High Germanber, from Old High Germanberi, from Proto-West Germanic*baʀi, from Proto-Germanic*bazją(“berry”). Cognate with GermanBeere, Englishberry.
Noun
pern
berry
Derived terms
himper
schbòrzper
eaper
References
“per” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Borrowed from Latinper (related to native for).
Preposition
per (abbreviated pr.)
For each, for every, per.
Synonyms
(for each):for hver, i, om
Derived terms
per stykk
References
“per” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
Borrowed from Latinper (related to native for).
Preposition
per (abbreviated pr.)
For each, for every, per.
Derived terms
per stykk
References
“per” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Novial
Preposition
per
by means of
Romani
Alternative forms
pir, poriá
Etymology
Borrowed from Old Armenianփոր(pʿor, “belly, abdomen”). Doublet of pori.
Noun
perf (pluralpera)
(anatomy) abdomen, belly
Derived terms
References
Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1971–1979) , “փոր”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press
Paspati, Alexandre G. (1870) , “per”, in Études sur les Tchinghianés; ou, Bohémiens de l'Empire ottoman (in French), Constantinople: Impr. A. Koroméla, page 422