Definitions and meaning of rok
rok
English
Noun
rok (plural roks)
- Alternative form of roc
Anagrams
Afrikaans
Etymology
From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
rok (plural rokke, diminutive rokkie)
- A dress.
Descendants
- → Sotho: roko
- → Xhosa: ilokhwe
Breton
Etymology
Related to Irish rucas (“pride, arrogance”). Possibly borrowed into English as rogue.
Adjective
rok
- arrogant
- hard
References
Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Old Czech rok, from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈrok]
-
- Rhymes: -ok
Noun
rok m inan (diminutive roček)
- year, the time it takes a planetary body to complete one revolution around a star
- (sciences) year, exactly 365.25 days
- Synonym: léto
- year, a period between set dates that denotes a year
- Synonym: kalendářní rok
- v tomto roce ― this year
- year, a scheduled part of a year spent in a given activity
Declension
Derived terms
See also
Further reading
- “rok”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
- “rok”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
- “rok”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse rokkr
Noun
rok
- a spinning wheel
- a distaff
Derived terms
Dinka
Noun
rok (plural rook)
- kidney
References
- Dinka-English Dictionary[1], 2005
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rɔk/
-
- Hyphenation: rok
- Rhymes: -ɔk
- Homophone: rock
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-West Germanic *(h)rokk, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Noun
rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)
- skirt (clothing)
- full dress, white tie (formal clothing)
- layer on a bulb such as an onion
- (chiefly historical, otherwise archaic) garment covering the torso
Derived terms
Descendants
- Afrikaans: rok
- → Sotho: roko
- → Xhosa: ilokhwe
- Jersey Dutch: rok
- Negerhollands: rok
- → Indonesian: rok
- → Papiamentu: rok (dated)
Etymology 2
Noun
rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)
- Alternative form of rokken
Finnish
Etymology
From English roc.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrok/, [ˈro̞k]
- Rhymes: -ok
- Syllabification(key): rok
- Hyphenation(key): rok
Noun
rok
- roc (mythical bird)
Usage notes
- Often used in the form rok-lintu (“roc-bird”).
Declension
Derived terms
Icelandic
Etymology
Related to rjúka (“to emit smoke, rush”); see there for more.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rɔːk/
- Rhymes: -ɔːk
Noun
rok n (genitive singular roks, nominative plural rok)
- storm, whole gale
Declension
References
Further reading
- “rok” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)
Indonesian
Etymology 1
From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈrɔk]
- Hyphenation: rok
Noun
rok
- skirt (clothing)
- full dress, white tie (formal clothing)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From English rock.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈrɔk]
- Hyphenation: rok
Noun
rok
- (music) rock, a style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums and vocals
Further reading
- “rok” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Kashubian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrɔk/
- Rhymes: -ɔk
- Syllabification: rok
Noun
rok m inan
- year (calendar year)
- year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)
Declension
Further reading
- Stefan Ramułt (1893) “rok”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 182
- Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “rok”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi[2], volume 2, page 815
- “rok”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022
Latvian
Verb
rok
- third-person singular/plural present indicative of rakt
- (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of rakt
- (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of rakt
Livonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *rokka, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *rokka. Cognates include Finnish rokka.
Noun
rok
- soup
Maranao
Noun
rok
- soul
Related terms
References
- A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya
Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
rok n (definite singular roket, indefinite plural rok, definite plural roka or rokene)
- form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by rokk
Norwegian Nynorsk
Noun
rok n (definite singular roket, indefinite plural rok, definite plural roka)
- alternative spelling of rokk
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
-
- IPA(key): (13th CE) /ˈrok/
- IPA(key): (15th CE) /ˈrok/
Noun
rok m inan
- year
Declension
Descendants
References
- Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “rok”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
-
- IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /rɔk/
- IPA(key): (15th CE) /rɔk/
Noun
rok m inan
- year
- deadline
- (law) date of a court case; or the court case itself
- court summons
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Descendants
- Polish: rok
- Silesian: rok
References
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “rok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *rauki, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz, whence also Old English rēc, Old Frisian rēk, Old Dutch rouc, Old High German rouh, Old Norse reykr.
Noun
rōk m
- smoke
Descendants
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish rok.
Pronunciation
-
- Rhymes: -ɔk
- Syllabification: rok
- Homophones: rock, Rok
Noun
rok m inan (diminutive roczek)
- year (solar year)
- (by extension, astronomy) year (time it takes for any planet to orbit its star)
- year (calendar year)
- year (scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity)
- year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)
- (obsolete, law) court case
- (obsolete) engagement, betrothal
- (Middle Polish) indiscriminate length of time
- (Middle Polish) age of a being
- Synonym: wiek
- (Middle Polish) agreed upon length of time for work or employment
- (Middle Polish) time set aside for performing a task
Declension
Declension
Derived terms
Related terms
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), rok is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 209 times in scientific texts, 413 times in news, 297 times in essays, 53 times in fiction, and 53 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1025 times, making it the 28th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
Further reading
- rok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- rok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “rok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
- “ROK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.10.2016
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 555
- rok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Noun
rȍk m (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к)
- deadline
- term, date (period during which something ought to be performed or completed)
Declension
Further reading
- “rok”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Etymology 2
Borrowed from English rock.
Noun
rȍk m (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к)
- (uninflected) rock and roll
Further reading
- “rok”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025
Silesian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polish rok.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrɔk/
-
- Rhymes: -ɔk
- Syllabification: rok
Noun
rok m inan
- year (calendar year)
Further reading
- rok in dykcjonorz.eu
- rok in silling.org
Slovak
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Pronunciation
Noun
rok m inan (relational adjective ročný, diminutive rôčik)
- year
- Nový rok ― New Year's Day
- roku Pána ― anno Domini
Declension
Derived terms
Further reading
- “rok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
Slovene
Etymology 1
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
rok (rôk)
- genitive dual/plural of roka
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.
Noun
rok (rók)
- deadline
- term, date (period during which something ought to be performed or completed)
Further reading
- “rok”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “rok”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Ternate
Etymology
From Dutch rok, possibly through Indonesian rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.
Pronunciation
Noun
rok
- a skirt
References
- Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh
Veps
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *rokko. Cognates include Finnish rokko.
Noun
rok
- pox (disease)
Declension
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *rokka.
Noun
rok
- pea soup, split pea soup
Declension
Source: wiktionary.org