Jonathan Paul Wilson, Binandere nominal structures (1996)
Breton
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic*ʉn, from Proto-Celtic*oinos, from Proto-Indo-European*óynos.
Article
un
a/an
See also
ur
ul
Catalan
Etymology
From Old Occitanun, from Latinūnum(“one”), accusative form of ūnus(“one”), from Old Latinoinos, from Proto-Italic*oinos, from Proto-Indo-European*óynos.
Unlike English, Catalan uses the indefinite article with plural nouns as well as singular nouns.
Catalan cardinal numbers may be used as masculine or feminine adjectives, except un/una(“1”), dos/dues(“2”), cents/centes(“100s”) and its compounds. When used as nouns, Catalan cardinal numbers are treated as masculine singular nouns in most contexts, but in expressions involving time such as la una i trenta (1:30) or les dues (two o'clock), they are feminine because the feminine noun hora has been elided.
Numeral
unm (feminineuna, noun formu)
one
Pronoun
unm sg (feminineuna)
one; indefinite pronoun
Derived terms
Chamorro
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /un/
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronoun
un
thou, you (singular)
Usage notes
un is used solely as a subject in a transitive verb, while hao is used as either a subject in an intransitive verb or an object in a transitive verb.
See also
Etymology 2
From Spanishun.
Article
un
a, an
References
Donald M. Topping (1973) Chamorro Reference Grammar[1], Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Chinese
Etymology
From the clipping of Englishunderstand.
Pronunciation
Verb
un
(Hong Kong Cantonese, colloquial) to understand
Chuukese
Verb
un
to drink
Cimbrian
Etymology
From Middle High Germanunde, from Old High Germanunti, from Proto-Germanic*andi. Cognate with Germanund, Dutchen, Englishand, Icelandicenn.
Conjunction
un
(Luserna, Sette Comuni) and
References
“un” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
“un” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Corsican
Etymology
From Latinunus(“one”), from Old Latinoinos, from Proto-Italic*oinos, from Proto-Indo-European*óynos. Cognates include Italianun(“a”) and Frenchun(“a, one”).
Article
unm (feminineuna)
a, an
Dongxiang
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /uŋ/
Noun
un
Alternative form of uwun(“winter”)
Drehu
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /un/
Noun
un
snake
References
Tyron, D.T., Hackman, B. (1983) Solomon Islands languages: An internal classification. Cited in: "Dehu" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Leenhardt, M. (1946) Langues et dialectes de l'Austro-Mèlanèsie. Cited in: "ⁿDe’u" in Greenhill, S.J., Blust, R., & Gray, R.D. (2008). The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics. Evolutionary Bioinformatics, 4:271-283.
Dutch Low Saxon
Conjunction
un
and
Fala
Etymology
From Old Portugueseun, from Latinūnus(“one”), from Proto-Indo-European*óynos(“one; single”).
The article un and its inflected forms unha, uns, and unhas all form contractions with the prepositions con(“with”), de(“of, from”), and en(“in”).
Derived terms
cun, cunha, cunhas, cuns
dun, dunha, dunhas, duns
nun, nunha, nunhas, nuns
Numeral
unm (feminineunha)
one
Usage notes
The numeral un and its feminine form unha form contractions with the prepositions con(“with”), de(“of, from”), and en(“in”).
Derived terms
cun, cunha
dun, dunha
nun, nunha
References
“un” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
“ũu” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
“un” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
“un” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Garifuna
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ũ/
Postposition
un
to
Inflection
German Low German
Alternative forms
on(in Low Prussian and some other dialects)
Etymology
Ultimately cognate to Germanund.
Conjunction
un
and
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology
From Portugueseum. Cognate with Kabuverdianuun.
Numeral
un
one (1)
Article
un
a, an (indefinite article)
Hungarian
Etymology
Of unknown origin.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ ˈun]
Rhymes: -un
Verb
un
(transitive) to be bored of, to be fed up with, to be tired of
Conjugation
Derived terms
(With verbal prefixes):
References
Further reading
un in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
Hunsrik
Alternative forms
unn
Etymology
From Middle High Germanunde, from Old High Germanunti, from Proto-Germanic*andi, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂énti.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /un/
Conjunction
un
and
Further reading
Online Hunsrik Dictionary
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from Frenchun, Italianun, Spanishun.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /un/
Numeral
un
one
Derived terms
Interlingua
Article
un
an, a
Numeral
un
one
Interlingue
Article
un
Indefinite article:a
Numeral
un
one
Italian
Etymology
From uno, from Latinūnus(“one”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /un/
Article
unm (see uno)
an, a
Noun
unm (see uno)
one
Adjective
unm (see uno)
one
Pronoun
unm (see uno)
one
Anagrams
nu
Japanese
Romanization
un
Rōmaji transcription of うん
Kabuverdianu
Etymology
From Portugueseum.
Numeral
un
one (1)
Article
un
a, an (indefinite article)
Karakalpak
Noun
un
flour
Ladin
Etymology
From Latinūnus.
Adjective
un
one
Noun
unm (uncountable)
one
Latvian
Etymology
Borrowed from Middle Low Germanun(“and”). It replaced, in this sense, the particle ir (compare Lithuanianir, which still has the sense of “and”). At first there were competing borrowings from other Germanic dialects (e.g. und, unde), and some forms were influenced by ir (resulting in ind, in), but from the 18th century on, the form un gradually became dominant.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ùn]
Conjunction
un
additive conjunction used to link similar terms in a clause; and
used to link clauses within a sentence; and
used to link two independent clauses, indicating simultaneity, sequence, contrast, opposition, or comparison between them; and
used to introduce an independent clause, linking it to the preceding context
References
Ligurian
Etymology
From Latinūnus, from Old Latinoinos, from Proto-Italic*oinos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European*óynos.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /yŋ/
Numeral
unm (feminineùnn-a)
one
Noun
unm (invariable)
The number one.
Article
unm (feminineùnn-a)
a, an (male)
Usage notes
When followed by a word beginning with a vowel, the article undergoes apheresis, becoming 'n, and the place of articulation of the nasal changes from velar to dental:
un + òmmo → 'n òmmo (“a man”) (pronounced [ˈnɔmmu], NOT [ˈŋɔmmu])
When followed by a word beginning with a consonant:
the article becomes in (pron. /iŋ/), if:
it is found in sentence-initial position, or after a punctuation mark
it is preceded by a word ending in /ŋ/
in matìn in figeu o corîva – a boy was running one morning (pron. [iŋ maˈtiŋ iŋ fiˈd͡ʒø u kuˈriːva])
the article undergoes apheresis, becoming 'n, without the nasal changing place of articulation:
ò visto 'n zìn – I saw a sea urchin (pron. [ɔ ˈvistu ŋ ˈziŋ])
Pronoun
unm (feminineùnn-a)
someone, a person
Livonian
Etymology
Ultimately from Middle Low Germanun, probably through Latvianun.
Interjection
un
and
Louisiana Creole French
Numeral
un
one
Luxembourgish
Alternative forms
u(used before consonants other than d, h, n, t, z)
Etymology
From Old High Germanana. The form is phonetically regular through the developments -a- → -ue- in originally open syllables, and -ue- → -u- before nasals.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /un/
Preposition
un (+ dative or accusative)
on; at; to
D’Biller hänken un der Wand.
The pictures hang on the wall.
Manx
Etymology
From Proto-Celtic*oinos, from Proto-Indo-European*óynos. Compare Bretonunan, Cornishonan, Irishaon.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /eːn/, /ɯːn/, /uːn/
Numeral
un
one
Related terms
unnane
Middle French
Alternative forms
ung
Etymology
From Old Frenchun, from Latinūnus(“one”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ỹ/
Article
un
a, an
Numeral
un (invariable)
one
Descendants
French: un
Middle Welsh
Alternative forms
vn
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic*ʉn, from Proto-Celtic*oinos, from Proto-Indo-European*óynos.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ʉn/
Numeral
un
one
Mutation
Further reading
Simon Evans (1964) A Grammar of Middle Welsh, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, § 1
Mirandese
Article
unm (feminineua)
a, an
Norman
Alternative forms
iun (Guernsey)
Etymology
From Old Frenchuns, from Latinūnus(“one”).
Pronunciation
Article
unm
a / an (masculine indefinite article)
Coordinate terms
(gender):eune
(definiteness):lé
Numeral
unm (feminineieune)
(Jersey) one
Novial
Numeral
un
one
Occitan
Etymology
From Old Occitanun, from Latinūnus(“one”).
Article
unm (feminineuna)
a, an (masculine singular indefinite article)
Numeral
un
one
Further reading
Joan de Cantalausa (2006) Diccionari general occitan a partir dels parlars lengadocians, 2 edition, →ISBN, page 1009.
Old French
Etymology
From Latinūnum, accusative singular of ūnus(“one”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /yn/
Article
un
a, an (masculine oblique singular indefinite article)
a, an (masculine nominative plural indefinite article)
Declension
Numeral
un (nominativeuns, feminineune)
one
Descendants
Middle French: un, ung
French: un
Norman: un, iun
Walloon: un
Old Portuguese
Article
un
Alternative form of ũu
Palikur
Noun
unn
water
References
Languages of the Amazon (2012, →ISBN
Papiamentu
Etymology
From Spanishuno and Portugueseum and Kabuverdianuun.
Numeral
un
one (1)
Article
un
a, an (indefinite article)
Pennsylvania German
Alternative forms
un'
Etymology
Cognate to Germanund, Englishand.
Conjunction
un
and
Piedmontese
Etymology
From Latinūnus, from Old Latinoinos, from Proto-Italic*oinos. Cognates include Italianuno and Frenchun.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /yŋ/
Numeral
un
one
Romanian
Alternative forms
(Moldavian)ун(un)
Etymology
From Latinūnus, from Old Latinoinos, from Proto-Italic*oinos, from Proto-Indo-European*óynos.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /un/
Article
unm or n (feminine singularo, pluralniște)
a, an (indefinite article)
Usage notes
Un is also used as a cardinal number (see unu and una).
O is used for feminine nouns:
Declension
Related terms
unu(used as a numeral/cardinal number)
unul(used as an indefinite pronoun)
Saterland Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisianand, from Proto-Germanic*andi. Cognates include West Frisianen and Germanund.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ʊn/
Conjunction
un
and
References
“un” in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch
Serbo-Croatian
Numeral
un (Cyrillic spellingун)
(Chakavian) one (1)
Synonyms
jedan
jen(regional)
Sicilian
Etymology
From unu, from Latinūnus.
Article
unm sg
(indefinite) a, an
Usage notes
Un is never used before words starting with the letter z or s and a consonant, like the Italian un
See also
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic*onъ.
Pronunciation
Determiner
un
(regional) that
Spanish
Etymology
From uno, from Latinūnus(“one”), from Old Latinoinos, from Proto-Italic*oinos, from Proto-Indo-European*óynos(“one”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /un/, [ũn]
Rhymes: -un
Adjective
unm (apocopate, standard formuno)
(before the noun)Apocopic form of uno one
Usage notes
The form un is only used before and within the noun phrase of the masculine singular noun that it modifies. In other positions, uno is used instead.
When a feminine noun starts with a stressed -a or -ha, un is used instead of una to prevent the sound from being used twice.
Tatar
Numeral
un (Cyrillic spellingун)
ten
Turkish
Etymology
From Old Turkic [script needed] (un), from Proto-Turkic*ūn.
Noun
un (definite accusativeunu, pluralunlar)
flour
Declension
Turkmen
Noun
un (definite accusative?, plural?)
flour
Uzbek
Noun
un (pluralunlar)
flour
Venetian
Alternative forms
on(rural areas)
Etymology
From Latinūnus.
Article
unm (femininena)
masculine singular indefinite article; a / an
See also
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welshun, from Proto-Brythonic*ʉn, from Proto-Celtic*oinos, from Proto-Indo-European*óynos.
Pronunciation
(North Wales) IPA(key): /ɨːn/
(South Wales) IPA(key): /iːn/
Adjective
un
only
Numeral
un
one
Noun
unm (pluralunau)
one, individual
Related terms
dim un(“none”)
pob un(“each”)
-yn
Mutation
References
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present) , “un”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies