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P3O1
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P3O1
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Definitions and meaning of po
po
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pəʊ/
Rhymes: -əʊ
Etymology 1
From Middle Englishpo (found also in pocock), from Old Englishpāwa, pēa(“peacock”), from Proto-Germanic*pāwô(“peacock”), from Latinpāvō. Cognate with Dutch pauw, German Pfau. See also peacock.
Noun
po (pluralpos)
(obsolete) A peacock. [8th–19th c.]
Etymology 2
A diminutive of pot.
Noun
po (pluralpos)
(UK, Australia, New Zealand, colloquial, dated) A chamberpot. [from 19th c.]
Synonyms
SeeThesaurus:chamber pot
Derived terms
Descendants
Yoruba: póò
Etymology 3
Clipping of police.
Noun
popl (plural only)
(slang) The police.
Alternative forms
po'
Related terms
See also
Anagrams
OP, Op., op, op.
Akan
Pronunciation
Tone: LL
Verb
po
to bully
pomo - to bully you
References
Christaller, Johann Gottlieb (1881) A Dictionary of the Asante and Fante Language Called Tshi (Chwee, Tw̌i)[4], Basel, page 381
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian*apā, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁é(“then, at that time”). Compare German ob(“if, whether”), Dutch of(“or, whether, but”), English if.
According to Brian D. Joseph, it is a difficult word with unclear root. Hamp claims origin from Proto-Indo-European*pest(“so”)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pɔ/
Particle
po
yes
Used with the present and imperfect tense of a verb to show a continuous action. It corresponds to the English "be + gerund" formation.
References
Amondawa
Verb
po
do (make, work, perform)
References
V. da Silva Sinha et al, Event-based time intervals in an Amazonian culture, in Space and Time in Languages and Cultures: Language, Culture, and Cognition
Asaro'o
Alternative forms
fo(Molet Kasu, Molet Mur)
Noun
po
water
Further reading
John Carter, Katie Carter, John Grummitt, Bonnie MacKenzie, Janell Masters, A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Mur Village Vernaculars (2012), page 50
Balkan Romani
Etymology
Borrowed from Macedonianпо-(po-) or dialectal Serbo-Croatian.
Particle
po
-er, more; forms comparative adjectives and adverbs.
follows the definite article to form the superlative
References
Bikol Central
Etymology
Borrowed from Tagalogpo.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈpoʔ/, [ˈpoʔ]
Particle
pò (Basahan spellingᜉᜓ)
(formal, polite)marks respect toward the person the speaker is addressing
Synonym:tabi
Borôro
Noun
po
Synonym of pobo(“water”)
References
Mônica Cidele da Cruz, Povo Umutína : a busca da identidade linguística e cultural[Les Umutína : À la recherche d’une identité linguistique et culturelle], Université Unicamp / Campinas, 2012, page 40
post too many images on Facebook and you might damage your [relationships with] friends
Noun
po
(Internet slang) an Internet post, thread, topic, etc
Derived terms
Cornish
Etymology 1
According to an Gerlyver Meur, either an unstressed form of py (“which”) or provected form of the present-future subjunctive of bos (“to be”).
Alternative forms
bo
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pɔ/
Conjunction
po
or
Etymology 2
Contraction of pa (“when”) and the present-future subjunctive of bos (“to be”).
Pronunciation
(RLC) IPA(key): /poː/
Contraction
po
(Revived Late Cornish)Contraction of pa vo(“when ... is”).
Czech
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈpo]
Etymology 1
Noun
pon
Abbreviation of pondělí(“Monday”).
Declension
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Etymology 2
From Old Czechpo, from Proto-Slavic*po, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂epó.
Preposition
po [+locative]
after
Preposition
po [+accusative]
(space, time, scales, lists) up to, for
(dimension) all through
Further reading
po in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
po in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
po in Internetová jazyková příručka
Dutch
Etymology
Borrowing from Frenchpot.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /poː/
Rhymes: -oː
Noun
pom (pluralpo's, diminutivepootjen)
chamber pot
Descendants
→ Papiamentu: pò
Anagrams
op
Esperanto
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [po]
Audio:
Hyphenation: po
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Russianпо(po) and Polishpo.
Preposition
po
A grammatical particle used with quantity words to indicate rate or a distributive quantity: each, apiece, at, @
Antonym:-ope
Derived terms
po-
poa
Etymology 2
Noun
po (accusative singularpo-on, pluralpo-oj, accusative pluralpo-ojn)
The name of the Latin-script letter P/p.
See also
(Latin-script letter names)litero; a, bo, co, ĉo, do, e, fo, go, ĝo, ho, ĥo, i, jo, ĵo, ko, lo, mo, no, o, po, ro, so, ŝo, to, u, ŭo, vo, zo
Galician
Alternative forms
pó
poo
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguesepoo, from Vulgar Latin*pulus, from earlier *pulvusn, from Latinpulvism, from Proto-Indo-European*pel-(“flour, dust”). Compare Portuguese pó. Doublet of polvo, which was borrowed from Spanish polvo.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈpɔː]
Noun
pom (pluralpos)
dust
powder
Derived terms
poalla
poeira
References
“poo” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
“poo” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
“po” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
“po” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
“po” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Guaraní
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /po/
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani*po, from Proto-Tupian*po.
Cognate with Old Tupipó.
Noun
po (pluralpokuéra)
hand
Numeral
po
five
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Tupi-Guarani*por, from Proto-Tupian*pot.
Cognate with Old Tupipor.
Verb
po
jump
Conjugation
(che) apo
(nde) repo
(ha'e) opo
(ñande) japo
(ore) ropo
(peẽ) pepo
(ha'ekuéra) opo
References
Guinea-Bissau Creole
Etymology 1
From Portuguesepau. Cognate with Kabuverdianu pó.
Noun
po
tree
stick
Etymology 2
From Portuguesepó. Cognate with Kabuverdianu puera.
Noun
po
dust
Haitian Creole
Etymology
From Frenchpeau(“skin”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /po/
Noun
po
(anatomy) skin
Hausa
Etymology
Probably from Frenchpot.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pôː/
(Standard Kano Hausa) IPA(key): [pôː]
Noun
pôm (possessed formpôn)
children's toilet
Ido
Etymology
Borrowed from Esperantopo, Russianпо(po).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /po/
Preposition
po
for, at the price of, in exchange for; per
Imonda
Noun
po
water
Further reading
Walter Seiler, The Main Structures of Imonda (1984)
Walter Seiler, Imonda: Papuan Language, page 188: "Another excellent example that illustrates the relational character of -l, is provided by po water. When po is used to refer to general water, rain or creeks it has no -l. When it refers to wound water or coconut water it does end in -l."
Japanese
Romanization
po
Rōmaji transcription of ぽ
Rōmaji transcription of ポ
Lithuanian
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic*pa(“after, by”); compare Latvian pa, pa-, Old Prussian po(“after, by, under”), Proto-Slavic *po(“after, by, at”). From Proto-Indo-European*h₂pó, *h₂epó(“away, from”). Cognates include Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀢(a-pu, “from”), Sanskrit अप(ápa, “away, off”), Old Persian 𐎠𐎱(a-p /apa/, “away”), Latin ab(“from”), Gothic 𐌰𐍆(af, “of”). See pa-, pó- for more.
(with instrumental or genitive case) beside, near, along (movement, position)
(with instrumental or dative case) expresses the direction of movement
after, following a certain time period, event; after the disappearance or loss of [+genitive]
expresses gradual progression; one after another [+genitive]
until, up to a certain time [+dative]
around, throughout the whole of [+accusative]
used to express division into equal parts [+accusative]
(with genitive, instrumental or dative case) expresses the manner of an action
Related terms
apačia
pa-, po-
Lower Sorbian
Preposition
po
Superseded spelling of pó.
Mandarin
Romanization
po (po5/po0, Zhuyin˙ㄆㄛ)
Hanyu Pinyin reading of 桲
po
Nonstandard spelling of pō.
Nonstandard spelling of pó.
Nonstandard spelling of pǒ.
Nonstandard spelling of pò.
Usage notes
Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.
Masurian
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polishpo.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈpɔ]
Syllabification: po
Preposition
po
denotes a manner with an adjective [+dative]
denotes a surface or area along which something moves; along [+locative]
debites the purpose of ritually visiting many people or undertaking some frequently repeated actions or efforts generally related to acquiring, obtaining something or participating in something [+locative]
denotes people or places that someone visits, areas or environments in which something takes place, something occurs or areas that someone travels or places involved in a specific activity [+locative]
after (later in time or sequence) [+locative]
denotes number of objects used, number of people taking part, duration, amount, amount of times, or price
denotes a side on which something is; on [+locative]
denotes a container that was used for something [+locative]
denotes a temporal or spatial limit; along [+accusative]
denotes a source from which someone received something, i.e. inheritence; from [+locative]
denotes basis for someone's actions based on, according to [+locative]
with a cardinal number; of all [+accusative]
denotes the source of an effect; after; from [+locative]
denotes period at which something occurs; at, during [+locative]
denotes dominating conditions [+locative]
denotes basis of analysis; based on [+locative]
denotes source of emotions; from [+locative]
done for [+locative]
Further reading
Zofia Stamirowska (1987-2021) “po”, in Anna Basara, editor, Słownik gwar Ostródzkiego, Warmii i Mazur[6], volume 6, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 119
Middle English
Alternative forms
pa, paa, paue, pe, poo, poue
Etymology
Inherited from Old Englishpāwa, pēa, from Proto-Germanic*pāwô, from Latinpāvō. Influenced by the first element of Old Norsepáfugl.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈpɔː/, /ˈpau̯(ə)/, /ˈpɛː/
(Northern) IPA(key): /ˈpaː/
Noun
po (pluralpoos)
peacock
Derived terms
pecok
Descendants
English: pea, po(archaic)
References
“pō, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-10-10.
Mokilese
Noun
po
shelf
Nupe
Etymology
Cognate to Gbiri-Niragu pobo.
Verb
po
to burn, to roast
References
R. Blench, The Benue-Congo languages
Samuel Crowther, A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Nupe Language (1864)
Old Czech
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic*po.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): (13th CE)/ˈpo/
IPA(key): (15th CE)/ˈpo/
Preposition
po
for (for the purpose of) [+accusative] or [+locative]
until; after [+accusative]
for the entire, all [+accusative]
during, in the period of [+accusative], [+genitive], or [+locative]
for the Xth time [+accusative]
per, a piece [+accusative] or [+locative]
after; because of [+dative] or [+locative]
up to; towards [+dative]
to behind [+dative]
according to [+dative] or [+locative]
in the manner of [+dative]
for (to what end) [+dative] (of a success or failure)
Creates adverbs in conjunction with an adjective. [+dative]
Denotes repeated action. [+dative]
on top of; on [+locative]
Denotes general area as scene of action; around, about; along [+locative]
with, by way of [+locative]
behind [+locative]
after [+locative]
carried out by [+locative]
in the absence of [+locative]
through, by means of [+locative]
as to, with regard to [+locative]
Denotes maximum amount; up to [+locative]
Denotes price of something. [+locative]
more than [+locative]
for, for the benefit of [+locative]
Descendants
Czech: po
References
Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “po”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic*po, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂epó. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): (10th–15th CE)/pɔ/
IPA(key): (15th CE)/pɔ/
Preposition
po
denotes sequence in time; after [+locative]
Synonym:pod
denotes general location; at, in, on [+locative] or [+dative]
(more specifically) along [+locative]
denotes previous related person; after [+locative]
denotes next in a sequence of people; after [+locative]
denotes cause; after; because of [+locative]
according to, in accordance with [+locative]
denotes an instrument to an acction; with, by means of [+locative]
according to, based on [+locative]
denotes manner of the object; like, as [+locative]
denotes distribution; per [+locative] or [+dative]
used in grammatical government. [+locative]
it indicates a spatial limit; up to [+accusative]
denotes a time when something takes place; during [+accusative] or [+dative]
denotes the aim or purpose of an action; for [+accusative]
creates an adverb from the next noun. [+accusative]
with an ordinal number; denotes which time in a sequence; for the _ time [+accusative]
Synonym:za
denotes the source or agent of an action. [+dative]
denotes the distribution of the counted items. [+dative] or [+accusative] or [+locative]
Derived terms
Descendants
Masurian: po
Polish: po
Silesian: po
References
B. Sieradzka-Baziur, editor (2011–2015), “po”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Paraguayan Guaraní
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /po/
Etymology 1
Shortened form of japo.
Noun
po
hand
Etymology 2
From po(“five fingers”).
Numeral
po
five
Etymology 3
Onomatopoeic
Verb
po
to jump
Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polishpo.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pɔ/
(Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈpɔ/
Rhymes: -ɔ
Syllabification: po
Preposition
po
after (later in time or sequence) [+locative]
after (in pursuit of) [+accusative]
around, about [+locative]
past [+locative]
on [+locative]
for indicates that a container was previously used for something [+locative]
from [+locative]
after (in allusion to), for [+locative]
done for (doomed) [+locative]
for (in order to obtain) [+accusative]
up to, as far as [+accusative]
in, for, at denotes a quantity of something [+accusative]
according to, in the way of, a la, as [+dative]
in (the language of) [+dative]
Usage notes
Dative adjectives that end in -ski for the lemma take the archaic suffix -sku instead of the usual -skiemu when used with this preposition.
Derived terms
Conjunction
po
like
when
Trivia
According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), po is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 282 times in scientific texts, 293 times in news, 195 times in essays, 552 times in fiction, and 406 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1728 times, making it the 24th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.
References
Further reading
po in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
po in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “po”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego[7]
Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861[8]
A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1908), “po”, in Słownik języka polskiego[9] (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw, page 274
Rapa Nui
Noun
po
night
Samoan
Noun
po
night
Sardinian
Alternative forms
pro
Etymology
From Latinpro.
Preposition
po
(Campidanese) for
Senggi
Noun
po
water
References
Cornelis L. Voorhoeve, Languages of Irian Jaya Checklist (1975, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics), page 113
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
From pol, from Proto-Slavic*polъ. See po-.
Alternative forms
pȏl
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pôː/
Adverb
pȏ (Cyrillic spellingпо̑)
(Bosnia, Serbia) half
Etymology 2
From Proto-Slavic*po, from Proto-Indo-European*h₂(e)po.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pô/
Preposition
pȍ (Cyrillic spellingпо̏)
for [+accusative]
over, through, across, in, on [+locative]
by, with, through (using an intermediary or medium) [+locative]
by, according to [+locative]
after [+locative]
during [+locative]
in miscellaneous senses in various phrasal constructs [+locative]
Etymology 3
Particle
po (Cyrillic spellingпо)
(+ accusative case or nominative case)denoting distribution and succession; by, per, each, apiece
References
“po” in Hrvatski jezični portal
“po” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Silesian
Alternative forms
pō(before nasals)
Etymology
Inherited from Old Polishpo.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈpɔ/
Rhymes: -ɔ
Syllabification: po
Preposition
po
denotes general location about, around; along [+locative]
Synonym:na
Antonyms:nad, pod
after [+locative]
Antonym:przed
denotes point in space on [+locative]
Synonym:z
dith certain verbs of speaking; denotes recipient of a message. [+locative]
Synonym:na
denotes maximum amount; up to [+accusative] or [+locative]
Synonym:z
dreates an adverb from an adjective. [+dative] (archaic dative ending in -u)
denotes aim of an action; for [+locative]
for indicates that a container was previously used for something [+locative]
denotes characteristic by which one might recognize something; from [+locative]
denotes absence of something or something; after [+accusative]
denotes possessor. [+locative]
Related terms
Further reading
po in silling.org
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic*po.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pɔ/
Preposition
po
around, about [+locative]
along, through (the length of) [+locative]
according to
in the manner of [+accusative]
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Spanish
Etymology
From pues.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈpo/[ˈpo]
Rhymes: -o
Syllabification: po
Interjection
po
(colloquial, Chile)emphatic
Synonym:pues
Usage notes
Always used at the end of a sentence.
Swahili
Pronunciation
Verb
-po
present stem of -wapo(“to be (at a definite place)”)
tupo ― we are (there)
See also
-po: verbal affix
-wako (“to be (at an indefinite place)”)
-wamo (“to be inside (of a definite place)”)
Tagalog
Etymology
From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian*puəq. Compare Malay empu, Indonesian empu, Old Javanese mpu. Also possibly from clipping of poon(“lord”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈpoʔ/, [ˈpoʔ]
Particle
pô (Baybayin spellingᜉᜓ)
marks respect toward the person the speaker is addressing
Synonym:(familiar)ho
Usage notes
In standard Tagalog, the word po is more formal and polite than ho. In other dialects, this is not observed and has no difference.
Derived terms
Related terms
See also
Further reading
“po”, in Pinoy Dictionary, 2010–2024
Noceda, Fr. Juan José de, Sanlucar, Fr. Pedro de (1860) Vocabulario de la lengua tagala, compuesto por varios religiosos doctos y graves[10] (in Spanish), Manila: Ramirez y Giraudier
Santos, Fr. Domingo de los (1835) Tomas Oliva, editor, Vocabulario de la lengua tagala: primera, y segunda parte.[11] (in Spanish), La imprenta nueva de D. Jose Maria Dayot
Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2016) Tagalog Borrowings and Cognates, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 139
Tapachultec
Etymology
Lehmann considers the possibility of a connection to Zoque words for "white" (poopo).
Noun
po
moon
Usage notes
This is the form Lehmann says is given in the Sapper-Ricke wordlists; the form given in Johnston's vocabulary is poot.
References
Walter Lehmann, Über die Stellung und Verwandtschaft der Subtiaba-Sprache der pazifischen Küste Nicaraguas und über die Sprache von Tapachula in Südchiapas (1915), Zeitschrift für Ethnologie 47, presenting the wordlists of Karl Sapper, Ricke, and Amado Johnston.
Tewa
Noun
póː(high tone)
moon
Noun
pòː(low tone)
water
Noun
pǒː(gliding tone)
trail, road
References
Marianne Mithun, The Languages of Native North America
John Peabody Harrington, The Ethnogeography of the Tewa Indians
My Life in San Juan Pueblo: Stories of Esther Martinez (uses the spelling pˀoe, and mentions a fourth meaning, "pumpkin, squash")
Tocharian B
Etymology
From Proto-Tocharian [Term?] (whence also Tocharian A puk). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Adjective
po
entire, whole
Determiner
po
each, every, all
Inflection
(masc. nom. pl.):poñc
Derived terms
olyapo (“more, rather than”) (olya + po)
Umotína
Noun
po
water
References
Mônica Cidele da Cruz, Povo Umutína : a busca da identidade linguística e cultural[Les Umutína : À la recherche d’une identité linguistique et culturelle], Université Unicamp / Campinas, 2012, page 40
Volapük
Etymology
Borrowed from Latinpost(“behind”).
Preposition
po
behind
Antonym:fo
See also
po-
Waris
Noun
po
water
References
Bob Brown, Waris grammar sketch, 1990 (2012), page 29
Western Yugur
Etymology
Relate to Shor по, Khakas пу(pu) Tofa бо, Tuvan бо(bo), Karaim бу , Krymchak бу, Southern Altai бу(bu), Kyrgyz бул(bul), etc.
Pronoun
po
this
White Hmong
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pɒ˧/
Noun
po
spleen
References
John Duffy, Writing from These Roots: Literacy in a Hmong-American Community →ISBN, 2007)
Yoruba
Etymology 1
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /k͡pò/
Verb
pò
(transitive) to mix, to stir
(transitive) to beat, to whisk
(transitive) to knead
(transitive) to make warm drinks, baby food, or medicine.