(Latin-script letter names)letter; a, bee, cee, dee, e, ef, gee, aitch, i, jay, kay, el, em, en, o, pee, cue, ar, ess, tee, u, vee, double-u, ex, wye, zee / zed
Interjection
ar
(Britain, West Country, West Midlands)Alternative form of arr
Derived terms
oh ar
Particle
ar
(Britain, West Country, West Midlands)Alternative form of arr
Verb
ar
Obsolete spelling of are
Anagrams
RA, Ra
Abinomn
Noun
ar
Pometia pinnata
Albanian
Etymology 1
Borrowed through Vulgar Latin from Latinaurum(“gold”). Considering the rendering of Latin au- as Albanian ā-, it is a relatively archaic borrowing. Although Arbëresh dialects preserve the original Latin neuter, in standard Albanian it is masculine.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /aɾ/
Noun
arm (definite singularari)
(chemistry) gold
Synonyms:flori, dukat
1555, Gjon Buzuku, Meshari
(figuratively) treasure, gem
Synonym:thesar
golden thread
Derived terms
artë, praroj, artar, arturinë
Declension
Adjective
arm (feminineare)
golden
Synonyms:artë, flori
(figuratively) precious
Synonym:çmueshëm
(figuratively) yellow; white, bright
Synonyms:verdhë, lylc, bardhë, ndritshëm
(figuratively) blonde, bright, light (hair)
Synonym:biond
Etymology 2
Probably via Frenchare(“are”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /aɾ/
Noun
arm (indefinite pluralarë, definite singularari, definite pluralarët)
are (unit of area; abbrev. a)
(metric unit of measure:) 1 a = 100 (m²) square meters = ~119.6 square yards
Synonym:a(abbrev.)
Declension
References
Aromanian
Alternative forms
aru
Etymology
From Latinarō. Compare Daco-Romanianara, ar.
Verb
ar (third-person singular present indicativearã, past participlearatã)
I plough.
Related terms
Azerbaijani
Etymology
From Arabicعَار (ʿār).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɑr/
Noun
ar (definite accusativearı, pluralarlar)
feeling of shame
Derived terms
arsız
arsızcasına
arsızlıq
Synonyms
utanma, abır, həya
Basque
Noun
arinan or anim
male
Declension
Breton
Article
ar
the
See also
an
al
Chuukese
Determiner
ar
third person plural general possessive; their
Related terms
Cimbrian
Etymology 1
From Middle High Germanahorn, from Old High Germanahorn. Cognate with GermanAhorn.
Noun
arm
(Luserna) maple, maple tree
Alternative forms
aorn (Sette Comuni)
References
“ar” in Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Etymology 2
Pronoun
ar
(Sette Comuni)Short for èar(“he”).
References
“ar” in Martalar, Umberto Martello; Bellotto, Alfonso (1974) Dizionario della lingua Cimbra dei Sette Communi vicentini, 1st edition, Roana, Italy: Instituto di Cultura Cimbra A. Dal Pozzo
Czech
Etymology
From Frenchare, created during the French Revolution as a learned formation from Latinarea, a piece of level ground.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ar/
Noun
arm inan
are (unit of area equal to 100 square metres)
Declension
Related terms
hektar
References
Further reading
ar in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
ar in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
Danish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɑːr/, [ɑːˀ]
Rhymes: -aːˀr
Etymology 1
From Old Norseørr.
Noun
arn (singular definitearret, plural indefinitear)
scar
(slang) mouth
Inflection
Derived terms
Verb
ar
imperative of arre
Etymology 2
From Frenchare, from Latinārea(“open space”).
Noun
arc (singular definitearen, plural indefinitear)
are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Inflection
Further reading
ar on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Ar (sår) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Dutch
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɑr/
Hyphenation: ar
Rhymes: -ɑr
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutcharre, erre, irre, from Old Dutch*irri, from Proto-Germanic*irzijaz.
Adjective
ar (comparativearder, superlativearst)
(archaic) sorry, sad, regrettable
Derived terms
in arren moede
Etymology 2
Back-formation from arrenslee (see there for further etymology).
Noun
arm or f (pluralarren, diminutivearretjen)
(obsolete) sledge
Related terms
arrenslee
Galician
Etymology 1
From Old Galician and Old Portugueseaar, from an older aere, from Latinaēr.
Alternative forms
aire
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈaɾ]
Noun
arm (pluralares)
air
Etymology 2
Unknown
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈaɾ]
Adverb
ar
(archaic) furthermore, in addition
(archaic) never
References
“ar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
“aar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006-2012.
“aere” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.
“ar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006-2013.
“ar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
“ar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
Hausa
Pronunciation
Hyphenation: ar̃
Interjection
ar
damn it
Irish
Etymology 1
From a conflation of three Old Irish prepositions:
ar(“for”) (triggering lenition), from Proto-Celtic*ɸare(“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European*pr̥h₂i. Cognates include Ancient Greekπαρά(pará, “beside”) and Englishfore.
for(“on”) (triggering no mutation), from Proto-Celtic*uɸor(“over, on”) (compare Welshar, Bretonwar), from Proto-Indo-European*upér (compare Latinsuper, Ancient Greekὑπέρ(hupér), Old Englishofer).
íar(“after”) (triggering eclipsis), from Proto-Celtic*eɸirom(“after, behind”), from Proto-Indo-European*h₁epi.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ɛɾʲ/
Preposition
ar (plus dative, triggers no mutation in general references but lenition in qualified or particularized references, triggers eclipsis in a few fixed expressions)
on
Used with a variety of nouns to indicate feelings and minor medical conditions
Used with a verbal noun to indicate a state
upon (with a verbal noun plus personal form of do indicating the subject of the verb)
upon (with a(“his, her, their”)—indicating the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb—plus verbal noun to indicate completion of an action)
ar a theacht or
ar a chríochnú dom or
(in conjunction with the verb bí) must, have to
Inflection
Derived terms
Etymology 2
an + -r
Particle
ar(triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)
Used to form direct and indirect questions
Used to form direct and indirect copular questions; used before consonants
Related terms
an(used with non-past tenses and in the past tense of some irregular verbs)
Etymology 3
a + -r
Particle
ar(triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)
Introduces an indirect relative clause
Related terms
a(used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)
Particle
ar(copular form used before consonants and nouns beginning with vowels; triggers lenition in the past/conditional)
Introduces an indirect relative clause; present/future tense
Introduces an indirect relative clause; past/conditional tense
Introduces a direct or indirect interrogative; past/conditional tense
Related terms
Pronoun
ar (triggers lenition except of past autonomous forms; used only in the past tense of regular and some irregular verbs)
all that, whatever
Related terms
a(form used with non-past tenses and with the past of some irregular verbs)
Etymology 4
From Middle Irishol, from Old Irishol.
Verb
ar(used only with 3rd-person pronouns, usually emphatic)
said, says
Related terms
arsa(used with other persons and with full nouns)
Etymology 5
Noun
arm (genitive singularair)
verbal noun of air(“plough”)
(literary, agriculture) tillage
Declension
Mutation
Further reading
"ar" in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, An Gúm, 1977, by Niall Ó Dónaill.
Entries containing “ar” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
Entries containing “ar” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
Kalasha
Etymology
From Sanskritआरा(ārā), from Proto-Indo-European*h₁óleh₂(“awl”). Cognate with GermanAhle, Englishawl.
Noun
ar
awl
Khasi
Etymology
From Proto-Khasian*ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer*ɓaar. Cognate with Pnarar, Blang [La Gang] lál, Bahnarʼbar, Khmerពីរ(pii), Vietnamesehai, Santaliᱵᱟᱨ(bar).
Numeral
ar
two
Latgalian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European*h₂er-. Cognates include Latvianar(“with”) and Lithuanianar(“whether”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈar]
Preposition
ar (+ accusative)
with
References
Nicole Nau (2011) A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European*h₂er- Cognate with Lithuanianar(“whether, if, and”), Ancient Greekἄρα(ára, “then”).
Preposition
ar (with instrumental)
with
Verb
ar
2nd person singular present indicative form of art
3rd person singular present indicative form of art
3rd person plural present indicative form of art
2nd person singular imperative form of art
(with the particle lai)3rd person singular imperative form of art
(with the particle lai)3rd person plural imperative form of art
Lithuanian
Alternative forms
er
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European*h₂er- Cognate with Latvianar(“whether, if, with”), Ancient Greekἄρα(ára, “then”).
Conjunction
ar̃
(interrogative) whether, if
(dialectal) and
See also
czy (word with the same function in Polish, which has significant historical presence in Lithuania)
References
Derksen, Rick (2015) , “ar”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 59
Middle English
Determiner
ar
(chiefly Kent and West Midlands)Alternative form of here(“their”)
Middle Welsh
Alternative forms
er
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ar/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Brythonic*ar, from Proto-Celtic*ɸare.
Preposition
ar (triggers lenition)
on, upon
over, of (of a ruler with respect to the area ruled)
Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet a oed yn arglwyd ar seith cantref Dyuet.
Pwyll Pendefig Dyfed was lord of the seven cantrefs of Dyfed.
Inflection
First-person singular: arnaf
Second-person singular: arnat
Third-person singular masculine: arnaw
Third-person singular feminine: arnei, erni
First-person plural: arnam
Second-person plural: arnawch
Third-person plural: arnunt
Derived terms
ar hynny(“thereupon”)
y ar(“from upon”)
Descendants
Welsh: ar
Etymology 2
Pronoun
ar
he/she who, whoever
Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
Ar ny del yn uuyd, kymmeller o nerth cledyueu.
Whoever does not come with obedience shall be compelled by the force of swords.
that which, whatever
Pwyll Pendeuic Dyuet:
Pa amgen uedwl yssyd yndaw ef heno noc ar a uu yr blwydyn y heno?
What is the different mind that is in him tonight than that which has been since a year ago tonight?
Northern Kurdish
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
From Proto-Germanic*aizō(“respect, honour”), from Proto-Indo-European*h₂eys-(“to honour, respect, revere”). Cognate with GermanEhre.
Noun
ārf
honour, glory, grace
Declension
Derived terms
ārstafas(“help, kindness”)
Descendants
Middle English: are, ore
Scots: are
Etymology 2
From Proto-Germanic*aiz. Cognate with Old Norseeir(“brass, copper”), Germanehern(“of metal, of iron”), Gothic𐌰𐌹𐌶(aiz, “ore”), from Proto-Indo-European*áyos, h₂éyos. Compare Dutchoer(“iron-holding earth”). Confer Latinaes(“bronze, copper”), Avestan𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬵 (aiiah), Sanskritअयस्(áyas, “copper, iron”).
Noun
ārn
ore, brass, copper
Declension
Descendants
Middle English: or, oor
Scots: ure, uir
English: ore
Etymology 3
From Proto-Germanic*airō(“oar”). Cognate with Old Norseár, Danishåre, Swedishåra.
Noun
ārf
oar
Declension
Descendants
English: oar
Etymology 4
From Proto-Germanic*airuz. Cognate with Old Saxonēru, Old Norseárr, Gothic𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃(airus).
Noun
ārm
messenger, herald
angel
missionary
Declension
Old Irish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ar/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Celtic*ɸare(“in front of”), from Proto-Indo-European*pr̥H-. Cognates include Ancient Greekπαρά(pará, “beside”) and Englishfore.
Preposition
ar (with accusative or dative)
for, for the sake of, because of
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.
Inflection
Forms combined with the definite article:
masculine/feminine accusative singular: arin
neuter accusative singular: ara
dative singular all genders: arin(d), airind(í)
accusative plural all genders: arna
dative plural all genders: a(i)rnaib
Forms combined with a possessive determiner:
first person singular: armo
third person singular and plural: ara
Form combined with the relative particle: ara
Descendants
Irish: ar(conflated with for and íar)
Conjunction
ar
Alternative spelling of air(“for, since”)
Further reading
Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “1 ar (‘for’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Rudolf Thurneysen (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, pages 275–76, 497–99
Etymology 2
From Proto-Celtic*anserom, from Proto-Indo-European*n̥serōm, from *nes-(“we, us”); compare Germanunser.
Determiner
ar (triggers eclipsis)
our
c.800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 17b5
Descendants
Irish: ár
Further reading
Gregory Toner, Maire Ní Mhaonaigh, Sharon Arbuthnot, Dagmar Wodtko, Maire-Luise Theuerkauf, editors (2019) , “5 ar (‘our’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Rudolf Thurneysen (1940, reprinted 2003) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 440, pages 277–78
Old Portuguese
Alternative forms
er
Etymology
from Latinre-(“again”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ˈaɾ/
Adverb
ar
also
& ar ſẽ (com)panneira u a de(us) (con)cebiſte
and also without equal when you conceived God
again
na obra que leyxara / por fazer ar começou
(He) started working again on his unfinished work
Descendants
Portuguese: er
Old Swedish
Etymology
From Old Norseár, from Proto-Germanic*jērą.
Noun
ārn
year
Declension
Descendants
Swedishår
Pnar
Etymology
From Proto-Khasian*ʔaːr, from Proto-Mon-Khmer*ɓaar. Cognate with Khasiar, Blang [La Gang] lál, Bahnarʼbar, Khmerពីរ(pii), Vietnamesehai, Santaliᱵᱟᱨ(bar).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ʔar/
Numeral
ar
(cardinal) two
Polish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ar/
Noun
arm inan (abbreviationa)
are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Declension
Noun
arf pl
genitive plural of ara
Further reading
ar in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Etymology
From Old Portugueseaar, aire, aere, from Latināēr, from Ancient Greekἀήρ(aḗr, “air”), from Proto-Indo-European*h₂weh₁-(“to blow”).
Pronunciation
(Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈaɾ/
(Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈaʁ/, [ˈäχ]
(Caipira) IPA(key): /ˈaɹ/
(Northeast Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈah/
Hyphenation: ar
Noun
arm (pluralares)
air
look, air (aspect)
Quotations
For quotations using this term, see Citations:ar.
Derived terms
Related terms
Romanian
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ar/
Etymology 1
From older Romanian ară, are, presumably from Latinhabēret (for the singular) and habērent (for the plural). See also are.
Verb
(el/ea) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person singular form ofavea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)
(he/she) would
Verb
(ele/ei) ar (modal auxiliary, third-person plural form ofavea, used with infinitives to form conditional tenses)
(they) would
Related terms
Etymology 2
Verb
ar
first-person singular present indicative of ara
first-person singular present subjunctive of ara
Scottish Gaelic
Adjective
ar
our
Usage notes
Before a vowel, it takes the form ar n-:
Verb
ar (defective)
think
Usage notes
Only has the present and past tense, which both have the same form ar.
Always followed by the preposition le or a prepositional pronoun:
Serbo-Croatian
Noun
arm (Cyrillic spellingар)
are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Declension
Swedish
Etymology 1
Ultimately from Latinarea, probably via Frenchare. This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Noun
arc or n
are (square decametre, 100 m²)
Declension
Related terms
hektar
Etymology 2
Ultimately from Proto-Germanic*arô.
Noun
arm
(dialectal) eagle
References
ar in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (8th ed., 1923)
ar in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
Turkish
Etymology 1
From Arabicعَار (ʿār)
Noun
ar (definite accusativearı, pluralarlar)
feeling of shame
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Frenchare.
Noun
ar (definite accusativearı, pluralarlar)
are (unit of area)
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welshar, from Proto-Brythonic*ar, from Proto-Celtic*ɸare.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /ar/
Preposition
ar (triggers soft mutation)
on
about to (with a verbal noun)
King, Gareth (1993) Modern Welsh: A Comprehensive Grammar (Routledge Grammars), London and New York: Routledge, →ISBN, page 131:
Inflection
Westrobothnian
Pronunciation 1
IPA(key): [ɑ́ːɾ], [áːɾ] (example of pronunciation)
Rhymes: -ɑ́ːr, -áːr
Etymology 1
From Old Norseǫrn, from Proto-Germanic*arô.
Noun
arm (definite singulararen)
Eagle, Aquila chrysaetos or Haliaeetus albicilla.
Pronunciation 2
IPA(key): [óːɾ], [ɑ́ːɾ] (example of pronunciation)
Rhymes: -óːr
Etymology 2
From Old Norseár(“year”), from Proto-Germanic*jērą, from Proto-Indo-European*yōr- < *yeh₁r-. Cognates include: Dutchjaar and Afrikaansjaar, Englishyear, GermanJahr, Danishår, Norwegian Bokmålår and Swedishår.