From Old Norsebót, from Proto-Germanic*bōtō(“improvement, atonement”), cognate with Swedishbot, Englishboot, GermanBuße, Dutchboete. Doublet of bøde.
Noun
bodc (singular definiteboden, not used in plural form)
fine
penance
Usage notes
Now especially in the phrases gøre bod, råde bod.
Declension
Derived terms
mandebod(“wergeld”)
Dutch
Etymology
From Middle Dutchbot, from Old Dutch*bot, from Proto-Germanic*budą.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bɔt/
Hyphenation: bod
Rhymes: -ɔt
Noun
bodn (pluralboden, diminutivebodjen)
order
offer
Derived terms
Descendants
→ Sranan Tongo: bot
Irish
Etymology
From Middle Irishbot(“tail; penis”), from Proto-Celtic*buzdos(“tail, penis”) (cf. Welshboth(“hub”), Bretonbod(“bush, shrub”)), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European*gʷosdʰos(“piece of wood”). For the archaic sense, compare Englishdick(“mean person, jerk, etc.”).
From Proto-Germanic*budą. Cognate with Old Norseboð.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bod/
Noun
bodn (nominative pluralbodu)
a command, mandate, precept, order; bidding
Declension
Derived terms
forbod
ġebod
Descendants
Middle English: bod
English: bode
Polish
Etymology
Borrowed from Frenchbaud, named after French telegraph engineer and inventor Jean-Maurice-Émile Baudot.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bɔt/
Rhymes: -ɔt
Syllabification: bod
Homophone: bot
Noun
bodm inan
(computing, telecommunications) baud
Declension
Further reading
bod in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Middle Irishbot(“tail; penis”), from Proto-Celtic*buzdos(“tail, penis”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European*gʷosdʰos(“piece of wood”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /pɔt/
Noun
bodm (genitive singularboid, pluralboid)
(anatomy) penis
Mutation
Further reading
Edward Dwelly (1911) “bod”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary][2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 bot”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic*bodъ.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bôːd/
Noun
bȏdm (Cyrillic spellingбо̑д)
sting (with a needle or a sharp object)
(embroidery, knitting) stitch
(sports) point
Synonym:poen
Declension
Related terms
bȍsti
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Englishbaud.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bôːd/
Noun
bȏdm (Cyrillic spellingбо̑д)
baud
Declension
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedishboþ, from Old Norsebóð (Compare Old West Norse búð), from Proto-Germanic*bōþō(“dwelling”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /buːd/
Noun
bodc
a shed
a small shop
a stall
Declension
Derived terms
See also
butik
skjul
References
bod in Svensk ordbok (SO)
bod in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
bod in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
bod in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
Volapük
Etymology
Borrowed from GermanBrot, Englishbread and Dutchbrood.
Noun
bod (nominative pluralbods)
bread
Declension
Derived terms
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welshbot, from Proto-Celtic*butā (cf. Cornishbos, Bretonbout), from Proto-Indo-European*bʰuH-(“to be, become”); all the b- initial forms are from the same root. The vowel-initial forms as well as sy(dd) are from Proto-Indo-European*h₁es-(“to be”).
The present-progressive forms with yd- (ydwyf, etc.), and hence the colloquial present-affirmative forms with d- (dw, etc.), are from the affirmative particle yd. Colloquial affirmative forms with r- (rwyt, roeddwn, etc.) are from the affirmative particle yr. Colloquial negative forms with d- (dydw, does, doeddwn, etc.) are from the negative particle nid.
The third-person singular present mae originally meant ‘here is’ and is from the same source as yma(“here”) plus Proto-Celtic*esti. The third-person plural maent (colloquial maen) is derived from the singular by adding the third-person plural verb ending -nt.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /boːd/
Rhymes: -oːd
Verb
bod (first-person singular presentwyf)
to be
there be (there is, there are etc.)
(auxiliary)
Used with yn to form various tenses with progressive or stative meaning
Used with wedi to form various tenses with perfect meaning
that... is, that... are, etc. (personal forms: (fy) mod i, (dy) fod di, (ei) fod e/o, (ei) bod hi, (ein) bod ni, (eich) bod chi, (eu) bod nhw)
Dw i’n meddwl (ei) bod hi’n ddoniol. ― I think that she’s funny.
Mae hi’n meddwl (fy) mod i’n dod. ― She thinks that I’m coming.
Roedd Eleri yn dweud (dy) fod di’n sâl. ― Eleri was saying you were ill.
Usage notes
Bod is the primary auxiliary verb in Welsh, used to form a great number of periphrastic tenses; see Appendix:Welsh conjugation.
The two conditional tense stems bydd- and bas- can be opted between freely, although bas- is more common when used alongside a counterfactual in (pe) tas-.
The preterite is relatively rare and mostly interchangeable with the imperfect.
In the tenses given here, all forms of bod must be linked to a noun, adjective or verb with yn, wedi, or some other similar particle.
The existential sense ("there is") uses the distinct interrogative form oes and negative does, however the affirmative mae is the same as the main verb, as are all non-present tenses.
Bod introduces a subordinate clause only when the corresponding main clause would begin with a form of bod (the verb "to be") in the present or imperfect tense (including perfect and pluperfect clauses with wedi).
Nouns are preceded with bod, or fod if the preceding verb is conjugated.
Conjugation
Derived terms
bod am(“to want”)
bod gan, bod gyda(indicates possession)
darbod(“take care of”, verb)
Mutation
References
Further reading
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “bod”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies