From Middle Englishbog, from Irish and Scottish Gaelicbogach(“soft, boggy ground”), from Old Irishbog(“soft”), from Proto-Celtic*buggos(“soft, tender”) + Old Irish-ach, from Proto-Celtic*-ākos.
The frequent use to form compounds regarding the animals and plants in such areas mimics Irish compositions such as bog-luachair(“bulrush, bogrush”).
Its use for toilets is now often derived from the resemblance of latrines and outhouse cesspools to bogholes, but the noun sense appears to be a clipped form of boghouse(“outhouse, privy”), which derived (possibly via boggard) from the verb to bog, still used in Australian English. The derivation and its connection to other senses of "bog" remains uncertain, however, owing to an extreme lack of early citations due to its perceived vulgarity.
Noun
bog (pluralbogs)
(originally Ireland and Scotland) An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft for walking; a marsh or swamp.
(figuratively) Confusion, difficulty, or any other thing or place that impedes progress in the manner of such areas.
(uncountable) The acidic soil of such areas, principally composed of peat; marshland, swampland.
(UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, slang) A place to defecate: originally specifically a latrine or outhouse but now used for any toilet.
I'm on the bog ― I'm sitting on/using the toilet
I'm in the bog ― I'm in the bathroom
(Australia and New Zealand, slang) An act or instance of defecation.
(US, dialect) A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.
Alternative forms
(wet spongy areas or ground):bogg, bogge, boghe(all obsolete)
Bog (flertydig) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
Bog (bøgens nødder) on the Danish Wikipedia.Wikipedia da
French
Noun
bogm (pluralbogs)
(ecology) an ombrotrophic peatland
Antonym:fen
Further reading
“bog”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé[Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
German
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [boːk]
Verb
bog
preterite tense of biegen
Hungarian
Etymology
Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric*poŋka(“knot, knob, protuberance, unevenness”). Cognates include Estonianpung.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [ˈboɡ]
Rhymes: -oɡ
Noun
bog (pluralbogok)
knot
Synonym:csomó
Declension
Derived terms
References
Further reading
bog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
bog in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (‘A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2024)
Irish
Etymology
From Old Irishboc(“soft”), from Proto-Celtic*buggos.
The verb is from Old Irishbocaid(“to soften”), from the adjective.
Pronunciation
(Munster, Connacht) IPA(key): /bˠɔɡ/
(Ulster) IPA(key): /bˠʌɡ/
Adjective
bog (genitive singular masculineboig, genitive singular feminineboige, pluralboga, comparativeboige)
soft (giving way under pressure; lacking strength or resolve; requiring little or no effort; easy)
Synonym:tláith
flabby (of physical condition)
soft, mellow, gentle (of sound, voice)
(of weather) wet
mild, humid (of winter)
loose
lukewarm
Synonyms:alabhog, alathe, bogthe
Declension
Derived terms
an rud a fhaightear go bog caitear go bog é(“easy come, easy go”)
bog-(“soft, mild; nearly; easy”)
casacht bhog(“loose cough”)
bogearraí(“software”)
Noun
bogm (genitive singularboig)
something soft
(anatomy, of ear) lobe
Synonyms:liopa, maothán
Declension
Verb
bog (present analyticbogann, future analyticbogfaidh, verbal nounbogadh, past participlebogtha)(transitive, intransitive)
soften, become soft; (of pain) ease; (of milk) warm; (of weather) get milder; soften, move (someone's heart)
move, loosen; (of a cradle) rock
Conjugation
Derived terms
casacht a bhogadh(“to loosen a cough”)
Mutation
References
Further reading
Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “bog”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
Lower Sorbian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic*bogъ.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [bɔk]
Homophones: Bog, bok
Noun
bogm pers (femininebogowka)
god
Declension
Derived terms
bóžy(“godly, divine”)
Further reading
Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928) “bog”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
Starosta, Manfred (1999) “bog”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag
From Old Norsebógr, from Proto-Germanic*bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European*bʰeh₂ǵʰús.
Noun
bogm (pluralbogen)
shoulder, primarily of an animal
Etymology 2
From Old Norsebók, from Proto-Germanic*bōks.
Noun
bogf (definite singularbogjå)
(dialectal)alternative form of bok
References
“bog” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Alternative forms
bōh
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic*bōguz. Cognate with Old Saxonbōg, Old High Germanbuog, Old Norsebógr.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /boːɡ/, [boːɣ]
Noun
bōgm
a branch or bough of a tree
a tendril or sprig of a plant
the arm or shoulder
Declension
Related terms
bēag
bīeġan
bīeġels
boga
būgan
byġe
byht
ġebīeġednes
Descendants
Middle English: boȝ, bogh
English: bough
Scots: beuch
Scottish Gaelic
Etymology
From Old Irishboc(“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”).
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [b̊oɡ̊]
Adjective
bog (comparativebuige)
soft
wet, damp, moist
Declension
Derived terms
Mutation
References
Edward Dwelly (1911) “bog”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary][2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic*bogъ.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bôːɡ/
Noun
bȏgm (Cyrillic spellingбо̑г)
god, deity
(colloquial) idol, god
Declension
Derived terms
bȍgovskī
bogòvskī
božànstvo
bȍžjī
Related terms
Bȏg
bògat
Slavomolisano
Etymology
From Serbo-Croatianbog.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bôːɡ/
Noun
bogm
god
Declension
References
Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale)., pp. 394
Slovene
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic*bogъ.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /bóːk/
Hyphenation: bog
Homophone: bọ̑k
Noun
bọ̑gm anim (female equivalentbogínja)
god
(uncommon, figuratively) paragon[→SSKJ]
(uncommon, figuratively) highest value[→SSKJ]
Usage notes
The dative singular form bogȗ is mostly limited to the phrase hvála bogȗ.
Declension
Interjection
bọ̑g
god
Derived terms
See also
vẹ́ra
ateīzəm
Further reading
“bog”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
“bog”, in Termania, Amebis
See also the general references
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedishbōgher, from Old Norsebógr, from Proto-Germanic*bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European*bʰāǵʰus.