division: (dividend) ÷ (divisor) = (quotient), remainder left over if divisor does not divide dividend
Verb
sum (third-person singular simple presentsums, present participlesumming, simple past and past participlesummed)
(transitive) To add together.
2005, Plato, Sophist. Translation by Lesley Brown. 250b.
when you say that stability and change are, it's because you're summing them up together as embraced by it, and taking note of the communion each of them has with being.
(transitive) To give a summary of.
Synonyms
(to add together):add, add together, add up, sum up, summate, tally, tot, tot up, total, tote up
(to give a summary of):Seesummarize
Translations
References
sum on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Kazakhсом(som), Kyrgyzсом(som), Uyghurسوم (som), and Uzbeksoʻm, all of which have the core signification “pure”, used in elliptical reference to historical coins of pure gold.
Alternative forms
som, soum
Noun
sum (pluralsums)
The basic unit of money in Kyrgyzstan.
The basic unit of money in Uzbekistan.
Translations
Etymology 3
Eye dialect spelling of some.
Pronoun
sum
(African-American Vernacular, Internet slang, text messaging)Eye dialect spelling of some.
Determiner
sum
(African-American Vernacular, Internet slang, text messaging)Eye dialect spelling of some.
Etymology 4
Noun
sum (pluralsums)
Synonym of somon
Further reading
sum in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.
sum in The Century Dictionary, The Century Co., New York, 1911.
sum at OneLook Dictionary Search
Anagrams
MSU, Mus, Muş, UMS, mu's, mus, mus', ums
Aromanian
Alternative forms
sun, su
Etymology
From Latinsubtus, from sub. Compare Romaniansub.
Preposition
sum
under
Czech
Etymology 1
Noun
sum
genitive plural of suma
Etymology 2
Noun
sum
genitive plural of sumo
Faroese
Etymology
From Old Norsesem.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /sʊmː/
Rhymes: -ʊmː
Conjunction
sum
like, as
when, as
Particle
sum (relative particle)
that, who, which
Synonyms
ið
Gothic
Romanization
sum
Romanization of 𐍃𐌿𐌼
Icelandic
Pronunciation
Rhymes: -ʏːm
Adjective
sum
inflection of sumur(“some”):
nominative feminine singular
nominative/accusative neuter plural
Kavalan
Noun
sum
urine
Latin
Etymology
The present stem is from Proto-Italic*ezom, from Proto-Indo-European*h₁ésmi(“I am, I exist”). Cognates include Ancient Greekεἰμί(eimí), Sanskritअस्मि(ásmi), Old Englisheom (Englisham). The perfect stem is from Proto-Italic*(fe)fūai, from Proto-Indo-European*bʰúHt(“to become, be”) (whence also fīō(“to become, to be made”), and future and imperfect inflections -bō, -bam). Confer also the etymology at fore.
Pronunciation
(Classical) IPA(key): /sum/, [s̠ʊ̃ˑ]
(Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /sum/
Verb
sum (present infinitiveesse, perfect activefuī, future participlefutūrus); irregular conjugation, irregular, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle
(copulative) to be, exist, have [+dative]
Heauton Timorumenos (“The Self-Tormentor”) by Publius Terentius Afer
Homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto.
I am a man, I consider nothing that is human alien to me.
1647, René Descartes, Meditationes de Prima Philosophia, in qua Dei existentia et animæ immortalitas demonstratur
Cogito, ergo sum.
I think, therefore I am.
63 B.C.E., Cicero, Catiline Orations (Latin text and English translations here)
O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?.
O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city do we live?
121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum ("About the Life of the Caesars", commonly referred to as "The Twelve Caesars")
Alea iacta est.
The die is cast.
to be there (impersonal verb)
(Medieval Latin, in the past tense) to go
Ad quod castrum vincendum Pisani fuerunt cum quinquaginta navibus, plattis et schafis, etc,
They went to conquer Pisanius' castle with fifty boats, engines, siege weapons, etc.
Conjugation
In Vulgar Latin, the present infinitive was changed to have the -re ending: essere.
Derived terms
Descendants
Aromanian: escu(in part)
Asturian: ser(in part)
Corsican: esse
Dalmatian: saite
Franco-Provençal: étre(< *estre < *essre), ésse (contraction of *essre)
form removed with the spelling reform of 2012;superseded bysom
References
“sum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic*sumaz, whence also Old High Germansum, Old Norsesumr.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /sum/
Pronoun
sum
some
Descendants
Middle English: sum, som, some
Scots: sum, some
English: some
Old Saxon
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic*sumaz, whence also Old English sum, Old Norse sumr
Pronoun
sumn
some
Declension
Descendants
Middle Low German: som
Low German: sum
Phalura
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /sum/
Noun
summ (Perso-Arabic spellingسُم)
mud (dry), dust
Inflection
a-decl (Obl, pl): -a
References
Liljegren, Henrik; Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN
Pnar
Etymology
From Proto-Khasian*sum, from Proto-Mon-Khmer. Cognate with Huθúm. Likely related to the forms with h- and null initials, such as Bahnarhum.
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /sum/
Noun
sum
to bathe
Polish
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /sum/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Slavic*somъ.
Noun
summ anim
European catfish
Declension
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
Noun
sumf pl
genitive plural of suma
Further reading
sum in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
sum in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Shabo
Verb
sum
say
Slovene
Pronunciation
IPA(key): /súːm/
Noun
sȗmm inan
suspicion, mistrust
Inflection
Further reading
“sum”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran